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| Section | Weight | Objectives |
|---|---|---|
| Preparing an ISO 9001 audit | 12.5% | - Roles and responsibilities of the audit team leader and members - Evidence types and their characteristics - Steps and activities to prepare a QMS audit - Audit feasibility |
| Conducting an ISO 9001 audit | 22.5% | - Audit techniques and evidence collection - Audit findings and conclusions - Audit conducting process |
| Managing an ISO 9001 audit program | 12.5% | - Audit program monitoring and improvement - Audit program management |
| Closing an ISO 9001 audit | 13.75% | - Audit completion and follow-up - Audit report preparation - Management of audit records |
| Fundamental audit concepts and principles | 12.5% | - Audit concepts and principles - Management of combined audits - Personal attributes and behaviors of a professional auditor |
| Quality management system (QMS) and ISO 9001 requirements | 13.75% | - Structure of the standard - Risks and opportunities - Leadership and commitment, quality policy, roles and responsibilities (clause 5) - Context of the organization, interested parties, and QMS scope (clause 4) |
| Fundamental principles and concepts of a quality management system (QMS) | 12.5% | - Connection between ISO 9001 and other standards (ISO 9001, ISO/TS 9002, ISO 9004) - Advantages of implementing a QMS based on ISO 9001 - Applicability and scope of ISO 9001 |
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質問 # 231
Scenario 5: Mechanical-Electro (ME) Audit Stages
Mechanical-Electro, better known as ME, is an American company that provides mechanical and electrical services in China. Their services range from air-conditioning systems, ventilation systems, plumbing, to installation of electrical equipment in automobile plants, electronic manufacturing facilities, and food processing plants.
Due to the fierce competition from local Chinese companies and failing to meet customer requirements, ME's revenue dropped significantly. In addition, customers' trust and confidence in the company decreased, and the reputation of the company was damaged.
In light of these developments, the top management of ME decided to implement a quality management system (QMS) based on ISO 9001. After having an effective QMS in place for over a year, they applied for a certification audit.
A team of four auditors was appointed for the audit, including Li Na as the audit team leader. Initially, the audit team conducted a general review of ME's documents, including the quality policy, operational procedures, inventory lists, QMS scope, process documentation, training records, and previous audit reports.
Li Na stated that this would allow the team to maintain a systematic and structured approach to gathering documents for all audit stages. While reviewing the documented information, the team observed some minor issues but did not identify any major nonconformities. Therefore, Li Na claimed that it was not necessary to prepare a report or conduct a meeting with ME's representatives at that stage of the audit. She stated that all areas of concern would be discussed in the next phase of the audit.
Following the on-site activities and the opening meeting with ME's top management, the audit team structured an audit test plan to verify whether ME's QMS conformed to Clause 8.2.1 (Customer Communication) of ISO 9001.
To do so, they gathered information through group interviews and sampling. Li Na conducted interviews with departmental managers in the first group and then with top management. In addition, she chose a sampling method that sufficiently represented customer complaints from both areas of ME' s operations.
The team members were responsible for the sampling procedure. They selected a sample size of 4 out of
45 customer complaints received weekly for electrical services and 2 out of 10 complaints for mechanical services.
Afterward, the audit team evaluated the evidence against the audit criteria and generated the audit findings.
Li Na chose a sampling method that sufficiently represents customer complaints from both areas of ME' s operations. Which sampling method fits that description?
正解：B
解説：
Comprehensive and Detailed In-Depth Explanation:Stratified sampling is the best method when the population consists of different groups or categories. In this case:
* ME has two areas of operations (electrical and mechanical services).
* Complaints were collected separately for each area.
By choosing representative samples from each category (electrical & mechanical complaints), Li Na ensured a balanced approach.
* Systematic sampling selects samples at fixed intervals, which does not ensure proportional representation of both groups.
* Block selection sampling is used when focusing on a specific time period or section, which does not apply here.
Thus, stratified sampling (B) is the correct answer.
質問 # 232
Scenario 3:
Fin-Pro is a financial institution in Austria offering commercial banking, wealth management, and investment services. The company faced a significant loss of customers due to failing to improve service quality as they expanded.
To regain customer confidence, top management implemented a QMS based on ISO 9001. After a year, they contacted ACB, a local certification body, to pursue ISO 9001 certification.
The audit team was led by Emilia, an experienced lead auditor, and included three auditors. After an agreement was reached, ACB sent the audit objectives to the audit team.
The audit team began by gathering information about Fin-Pro's understanding of ISO 9001 requirements.
While reviewing documented information, they noticed missing records of training and awareness sessions. They conducted employee interviews to verify attendance.
The team also reviewed the organizational chart and job descriptions to confirm employee competence.
They observed the company's working environment (social, psychological, and physical conditions).
The audit team analyzed the evidence and prepared an audit report with findings and conclusions.
Based on the last paragraph of scenario 3, which audit principle did the audit team follow?
正解：A
解説：
Comprehensive and Detailed In-Depth Explanation:
Auditors must report findings truthfully and accurately to ensure an unbiased assessment of the QMS.
Clause References:
* ISO 19011:2018, Clause 4 - Principles of Auditing:
* Fair Presentation # Requires auditors to report truthfully and accurately, without bias or omission.
* Integrity # Ensures auditors adhere to ethical conduct.
Why is the Correct Answer A?
* The audit team reported findings truthfully, based on collected evidence.
* Fair presentation ensures that both positive and negative findings are included in the audit report.
* Objective evidence was gathered through interviews, document reviews, and observations.
Why are the Other Options Incorrect?
* B (Integrity) # Related to ethics and professional conduct, but not specifically about presenting findings.
* C (Confidentiality) # Important, but does not apply to the principle of reporting findings accurately.
* D (Objectivity) # Ensures impartiality, but "fair presentation" directly addresses accurate reporting of findings.
質問 # 233
When monitoring customer perceptions, which analysis is helpful to use?
正解：A
解説：
Comprehensive and Detailed In-Depth Explanation:
ISO 9001:2015 requires organizations to measure and monitor customer perceptions to determine whether customer requirements are being met.
Clause Reference:
* Clause 9.1.2 - Customer Satisfaction states that organizations must monitor customer perceptions using relevant methods such as customer surveys, feedback forms, and complaint analysis.
* One of the most effective ways to do this is gap analysis, which identifies differences between customer expectations and actual service or product performance.
Why is the Correct Answer C?
* Gap analysis helps determine discrepancies between current performance and customer expectations, allowing organizations to improve quality.
* It is a standard quality improvement tool used to assess customer satisfaction.
Why are the Other Options Incorrect?
* A (PEST analysis) # Focuses on external macroeconomic factors (Political, Economic, Social, Technological) rather than customer satisfaction.
* B (Market-share analysis) # Examines business performance relative to competitors, not customer perceptions.
* D (Competitive benchmarking) # Involves comparing processes with competitors but does not directly monitor customer perceptions.
Reference:
ISO 9001:2015, Clause 9.1.2 - Customer Satisfaction
質問 # 234
You will lead a third-party audit next Monday on ABC, an organisation that provides services for cleaning windows from the outside of tall buildings. They work on demand, and usually have 4-5 orders per week. All documented information on these activities is kept at the central office.
On Friday evening, before the audit, you are informed by mail that customers cancelled all orders for the next week; therefore, the auditors will not have the chance to see them working at the customer's premises, but the field supervisors will be available at the ABC offices.
You have prepared the audit plan and the checklist. Choose the best action you would take:
正解：C
解説：
According to ISO 19011:2018, clause 6.3.3, the audit plan should be reviewed and revised as necessary to address changes that occur during the audit planning. The audit plan should be agreed upon, preferably in writing, by the audit team leader, the audit client and the auditee1. Therefore, if there is a significant change in the auditee's situation, such as the cancellation of all orders for the next week, the audit plan should be reviewed and revised accordingly, with the agreement of all parties involved.
According to ISO/IEC 17021-1:2015, clause 9.1.4, the certification body should have a process to ensure that the audit team has the competence to achieve the audit objectives, and that the audit methods are appropriate for the scope and complexity of the audit. The certification body should also have a process to ensure that the audit is conducted under reasonable conditions and within a reasonable time frame2. Therefore, if there is a risk that the audit objectives cannot be achieved, or that the audit methods are not suitable, due to the change in the auditee's situation, the certification body should be consulted and informed on how to proceed with the audit.
Therefore, the best action to take is B, ask the certification body you work for how to proceed with the audit.
This action will ensure that the audit plan is revised and agreed upon by all parties, and that the audit team has the competence and the methods to conduct the audit effectively and efficiently. The other options are not correct, as they may compromise the quality and validity of the audit:
*A. Start the audit on Monday at ABC's as planned, interviewing the functions that regularly work at the central office, and plan visits to ABC customers wherever they may be working during the following week:
This action may not be feasible or acceptable, as it may extend the audit duration and cost beyond the agreed terms, and it may not provide sufficient and appropriate audit evidence to verify the conformity and effectiveness of the auditee's processes. Moreover, this action may not be agreed upon by the audit client and the auditee, and it may not be approved by the certification body.
*C. Start the audit on Monday as planned, interviewing the functions that regularly work at the central office, and visit another customer's premises they cleaned the week before: This action may not be relevant or reliable, as it may not reflect the current performance and condition of the auditee's processes. The audit evidence collected from the previous customer may not be valid or representative of the audit criteria, and it may not address the risks and opportunities associated with the auditee's context and objectives. Moreover, this action may not be agreed upon by the audit client and the auditee, and it may not be approved by the certification body.
*D. Complete the audit but ask the quality manager to clean some windows at the ABC's office, simulating the process they carry out at customers' premises: This action may not be objective or impartial, as it may introduce bias and influence in the audit process. The audit evidence collected from the simulated process may not be accurate or authentic, and it may not demonstrate the actual capability and effectiveness of the auditee's processes. Moreover, this action may not be ethical or professional, as it may compromise the integrity and credibility of the audit and the certification.
References: ISO 19011:2018(en), Guidelines for auditing management systems, ISO/IEC 17021-1:2015(en), Conformity assessment - Requirements for bodies providing audit and certification of management systems
- Part 1: Requirements
質問 # 235
An internal auditor of a manufacturer of polystyrene packaging products for the electronics industry raised a nonconformity against section 10.3 of ISO 9001 in Report IA202. The nonconformity (NC 3) stated:
"The reject rate of 'finished' product of 9.7% needs improvement as it doesn't meet the stated objective of top management of 5%." Just before the Closing meeting of a third-party audit, the audit team leader is invited to a meeting with the Quality Manager. He tells the audit team leader that a member of the audit team was seen taking photographs of the factory on his phone during the day and wants him suspended from the Closing meeting with any nonconformities raised by him rescinded. The issue of photographs was not discussed during the opening meeting.
Select the three options for how the audit team leader might deal with this situation.
正解：B、E、F
質問 # 236
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