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| Section | Weight | Objectives |
|---|---|---|
| Topic 1: Test Analysis and Design | 30% | - White-box test techniques - Experience-based test techniques - Test techniques overview - Collaboration-based approaches - Black-box test techniques |
| Topic 2: Test Tools and Automation | 2.5% | - Tool support for testing - Benefits and risks of automation |
| Topic 3: Static Testing | 10% | - Static testing basics - Review process and types |
| Topic 4: Managing Test Activities | 22.5% | - Test planning - Configuration management - Monitoring, control and completion - Defect management - Risk-based testing |
| Topic 5: Fundamentals of Testing | 20% | - Why testing is necessary - Test activities, testware and roles - What is testing - Testing principles - Essential skills and good practices |
| Topic 6: Testing Throughout the Software Development Lifecycle | 15% | - Test types - Testing in SDLC contexts - Maintenance testing - Test levels |
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NEW QUESTION # 53
An alphanumeric password must be between 4 and 7 characters long and must contain at least one numeric character, one capital (uppercase) letter and one lowercase letter of the alphabet.
Which one of the following sets of test cases represents the correct outcome of a two-value boundary value analysis applied to the password length? (Note: test cases are separated by a semicolon)
Answer: A
Explanation:
The correct outcome of a two-value boundary value analysis applied to the password length is the set of test cases represented by option D. Boundary value analysis is a test design technique that focuses on the values at the boundaries of an equivalence partition, such as the minimum and maximum values, or the values just above and below the boundaries. A two-value boundary value analysis uses two values for each boundary, one representing the valid value and one representing the invalid value. For example, if the valid range of values is from 4 to 7, then the two values for the lower boundary are 3 and 4, and the two values for the upper boundary are 7 and 8. The test cases in option D use these values for the password length, while also satisfying the other requirements of the password, such as containing at least one numeric character, one capital letter, and one lowercase letter. The test cases in option D are:
* 1RhT: a 4-character password that is valid
* rSp53: a 5-character password that is valid
* 3N3e10: a 6-character password that is valid
* 8sBdby: an 8-character password that is invalid The test cases in the other options are incorrect, because they either use values that are not at the boundaries of the password length, or they do not meet the other requirements of the password. For example, the test cases in option A are:
* 1xA: a 3-character password that is invalid, but it does not contain a capital letter
* aB11: a 4-character password that is valid
* Pq1ZZab: a 7-character password that is valid
* 7iDD0a1x: an 8-character password that is invalid References: ISTQB Certified Tester Foundation Level (CTFL) v4.0 sources and documents:
* ISTQB Certified Tester Foundation Level Syllabus v4.0, Chapter 2.2.1, Black-box Test Design Techniques1
* ISTQB Glossary of Testing Terms v4.0, Boundary Value Analysis, Equivalence Partition2
NEW QUESTION # 54
What does the "absence-of-defects fallacy" refer to in software development?
Answer: D
Explanation:
The "absence-of-defects fallacy" in software development refers to the mistaken belief that if a software system has been thoroughly tested and all requirements have been met without any defects, it guarantees the success of the system. However, this is not necessarily true. Even if no defects are found, the system might still fail to meet the user's needs or business objectives. This fallacy highlights the importance of validation in addition to verification to ensure that the system fulfills the intended use and requirements.
NEW QUESTION # 55
Which of the following is TRUE about exploratory testing?
Answer: C
Explanation:
Exploratory testing uses test results and ongoing learning to design more focused and effective tests during execution.
NEW QUESTION # 56
Which of the following statements about the shift-left approach is true?
Answer: A
Explanation:
This answer is correct because shift-left in testing is an approach that aims to perform testing activities as early as possible in the software development lifecycle, in order to find and fix defects faster and cheaper, and to improve the quality of the software product. Continuous integration is a practice that supports shift-left in testing, as it involves integrating and testing the software components frequently, usually several times a day, using automated tools and processes.
Continuous integration can reduce the time between the introduction of a defect and its detection, thereby reducing the cost to fix it and the risk of accumulating defects that could affect the functionality or performance of the software product.
NEW QUESTION # 57
Which of the following statements is not correct?
Answer: B
Explanation:
* Looking for defects in a system does not require ignoring system details, but rather paying attention to them and understanding how they affect the system's quality, functionality, and usability. Ignoring system details could lead to missing important defects or testing irrelevant aspects of the system.
* Identifying defects may be perceived as criticism against product, especially by the developers or stakeholders who are invested in the product's success. However, identifying defects is not meant to be a personal attack, but rather a constructive feedback that helps to improve the product and ensure its alignment with the requirements and expectations of the users and clients.
* Looking for defects in system requires professional pessimism and curiosity, as testers need to anticipate and explore the possible ways that the system could fail, malfunction, or behave unexpectedly.
Professional pessimism means being skeptical and critical of the system's quality and reliability, while curiosity means being eager and interested in finding out the root causes and consequences of the defects.
* Testing is often seen as a destructive activity instead of constructive activity, as it involves finding and reporting the flaws and weaknesses of the system, rather than creating or enhancing it. However, testing is actually a constructive activity, as it contributes to the system's improvement, verification, validation, and optimization, and ultimately to the delivery of a high-quality product that meets the needs and expectations of the users and clients.
NEW QUESTION # 58
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