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| Section | Objectives |
|---|---|
| Fire-Resistance & Protection | - Noncombustible Protection & Encapsulation - Fire-Resistance-Rated Assemblies - Concealed Spaces Protection |
| Construction Fire Safety | |
| General & Construction Types | - Construction Classification — Type IV-A, IV-B, IV-C
|
| Structural & Connection Inspection | - Connection Design and Protection - Framing and Structural Elements |
| Mass Timber Materials | - CLT, Glulam, NLT, SCL and Engineered Wood Products |
| Inspection Duties & Documentation | - Statement of Special Inspections - Inspection Reporting and Compliance Verification |
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NEW QUESTION # 14
Refer to the exhibit by clicking on the EXHIBIT button above.
In the detail shown, which fasteners require fire protection according to AWC Technical Report 10?
Answer: B
Explanation:
The 1/2-inch lag screws attaching the structural steel ledger require fire protection, making option D correct. These fasteners are structural components of the ledger-to-CLT connection and therefore form part of the connection whose fire performance must be maintained for the required duration.
AWC Technical Report 10 states that wood structural connections-including their connectors, fasteners, and participating members-must be protected from fire exposure for the required fire-resistance time
. Protection may be provided by wood cover, fire-rated gypsum board, other approved materials, or a combination.
TR10 distinguishes structural connection fasteners from small fasteners used merely to hold sacrificial protection in place. The report specifically explains that fasteners attaching protective wood strips need not themselves be protected, provided they are sufficiently long to keep the protection in position throughout the required exposure.
In the illustrated ledger connection, the 1/2-inch lag screws transfer structural load between the steel ledger and CLT wall. Their thermal protection is therefore integral to maintaining connection capacity.
References/Topics: AWC Technical Report No. 10 Sections 4.5 and connection examples; thermal protection of structural connectors and fasteners.
NEW QUESTION # 15
Refer to the exhibit by clicking on the EXHIBIT button above.
In the detail shown, if the connections at the glulam beam and the steel plate required a fire-resistance rating of one (1) hour and the wood cover is designed per AWC Technical Report 10 to provide the entire one (1) hour of protection, the minimum required thickness for the wood block member providing protection for the bolt connections is _____ inches.
Answer: B
Explanation:
The required minimum wood protection thickness is 1.75 inches , making option B correct. AWC Technical Report No. 10 establishes a thermal-separation methodology for protecting steel connectors and fasteners with sacrificial wood cover. Because the question specifies that the wood cover itself must provide the entire 60- minute fire-protection period, the protection thickness must be calculated using the thermal-separation provisions rather than relying on residual fire resistance from the connector or steel plate.
TR10 applies a reduction to the protection contribution of the base wood layer. Its connection examples use the relationship in Section 4.4.1.3, with the required thermal protection time divided by 0.85. For a 60-minute requirement, back-calculating the prescribed nonlinear wood charring equation gives approximately 1.71 inches of required wood thickness. The practical minimum corresponding to the available choices is therefore
1.75 inches.
The principle is critical for special inspection: steel connection components have high thermal conductivity and must remain below the temperature limits assumed by the connection fire design. The inspector must verify actual wood-cover thickness, fastening, continuity, and any gaps before concealment.
References/Topics: AWC Technical Report No. 10, Sections 4.4.1.3 and 4.5; connection thermal separation; wood protection of steel connectors. TR10 demonstrates the same calculation methodology for wood-covered steel connections.
NEW QUESTION # 16
Which of the following is an acceptable alternative for protecting structural connections from fire in Type IV- A, IV-B or IV-C construction?
Answer: A
Explanation:
Option D directly reflects the engineering-analysis method authorized by 2021 IBC Section 2304.10.1. For structural connections in Type IV-A, IV-B, or IV-C construction, the analysis must demonstrate that temperatures at every relevant portion of the connection remain within prescribed limits for a period corresponding to the fire-resistance rating required of the connected structural element.
The code establishes two critical temperature-rise limits: an average rise of not more than 250°F and a maximum rise of not more than 325°F . For this purpose, the "connection" includes the connectors, fasteners, and those portions of the wood members that participate structurally in the connection.
Option A is incorrect because ASTM E136 is a test for determining whether a material is noncombustible; it is not the fire-resistance test method for a structural connection. Option B is not a code-recognized substitute for the required connection fire evaluation. Option C is insufficient because a manufacturer's generalized fire- performance representation does not establish the required code fire-resistance duration unless supported through an approved test, evaluation, or engineering analysis.
References/Topics: 2021 IBC Section 2304.10.1; engineering-analysis method for Type IV-A, IV-B, and IV- C structural connections.
NEW QUESTION # 17
Refer to the exhibit by clicking on the EXHIBIT button above.
In the detail shown, if the connections between the glulam beam and CLT panels all require a fire-resistance rating of one (1) hour and the wood cover is designed per AWC Technical Report 10 to provide the entire 1 hour of protection, what is the minimum thickness and number of layers required for the locations shown in red?
Answer: B
Explanation:
Two layers of 5/8-inch Type X gypsum wallboard are required for the condition shown, so option D is correct. The relevant AWC TR10 connection-protection methodology distinguishes between outer gypsum layers and the base layer immediately adjacent to the connection .
For 5/8-inch Type X gypsum board, an outer layer contributes 40 minutes. However, when gypsum board is being relied upon as the complete thermal-separation protection for a connection, TR10 reduces the contribution of the final/base layer to 50 percent. Therefore, the base layer contributes 20 minutes , while the second, exterior layer contributes 40 minutes . The total is:
20 minutes + 40 minutes = 60 minutes .
That satisfies the one-hour required protection period.
This is why simply looking at the normal 40-minute contribution of one 5/8-inch Type X layer would be incorrect for this connection condition. TR10 expressly uses the reduced base-layer contribution when gypsum constitutes the connection protection. The same methodology shows that four 5/8-inch Type X layers are needed for 120 minutes: 20 + 40 + 40 + 40 = 140 minutes, satisfying two hours.
References/Topics: AWC Technical Report No. 10, Sections 4.4.2 and connection-protection examples. TR10 states that outer 5/8-inch Type X layers provide 40 minutes each while the base layer provides 20 minutes.
NEW QUESTION # 18
Which of the following construction Types permit concealed spaces to be protected by completely filling the concealed space with noncombustible insulation?
Answer: D
Explanation:
Type IV-HT construction permits concealed spaces where those spaces comply with the specific protection alternatives prescribed for traditional heavy-timber construction. One permitted method is to completely fill the concealed space with noncombustible insulation. Therefore, option D is correct.
This provision should not be confused with the concealed-space requirements applicable to the tall mass timber classifications-Types IV-A, IV-B, and IV-C. Those classifications employ dedicated noncombustible protection and assigned-time requirements intended to control the contribution of concealed combustible construction during a fire. Type IV-HT follows a different concealed-space framework and allows protection through approved alternatives, including sprinkler protection, gypsum-board enclosure, or complete filling with noncombustible insulation, as applicable.
The insulation must completely occupy the concealed volume. Merely installing partial batt insulation, leaving unprotected voids, or relying on nominally fire-resistant thermal insulation does not satisfy the provision. The inspector should verify the material's noncombustibility, continuity, placement around obstructions, and conformance with the approved construction documents before the space becomes inaccessible.
References/Topics: 2021 IBC Section 602.4.4; concealed spaces in Type IV-HT construction; noncombustible insulation protection method.
NEW QUESTION # 19
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