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| Section | Weight | Objectives |
|---|---|---|
| Topic 1: Design Secure Architectures | 30% | - Determine appropriate data security controls
|
| Topic 2: Design High-Performing Architectures | 24% | - Determine high-performing and/or scalable network architectures
|
| Topic 3: Design Resilient Architectures | 26% | - Design scalable and loosely coupled architectures
|
| Topic 4: Design Cost-Optimized Architectures | 20% | - Design cost-optimized storage solutions
|
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350. Frage
A company is implementing a new policy to enhance the security of its AWS environment. The policy requires all administrative actions that users perform on the AWS Management Console to be secured by multi-factor authentication (MFA).
Which solution will allow the company to enforce this policy in the MOST operationally efficient way?
Antwort: D
351. Frage
A company uses a set of Amazon EC2 instances to host a website. The website uses an Amazon S3 bucket to store images and media files.
The company wants to automate website infrastructure creation to deploy the website to multiple AWS Regions. The company also wants to provide the EC2 instances access to the S3 bucket so the instances can store and access data by using AWS Identity and Access Management (1AM).
Which solution will meet these requirements MOST securely?
Antwort: C
Begründung:
The most secure solution for allowing EC2 instances to access an S3 bucket is by using IAM roles. An IAM role can be created with an access policy that grants the required permissions (e.g., to read and write to the S3 bucket). The IAM role is then associated with the EC2 instances through an IAM instance profile.
By associating the role with the instances, the EC2 instances can securely assume the role and receive temporary credentials via the instance metadata service. This avoids the need to store credentials (such as access keys) on the instances or within the application, enhancing security and reducing the risk of credentials being exposed.
AWS CloudFormation can be used to automate the creation of the entire infrastructure, including EC2 instances, IAM roles, and associated policies.
AWS References:
* IAM Roles for EC2 Instances outlines the use of IAM roles for secure access to AWS services.
* AWS CloudFormation User Guide details how to create and manage resources using CloudFormation templates.
Why the other options are incorrect:
* A. Save IAM access key in UserData: This is insecure because it involves storing long-term credentials in the instance user data, which can be exposed.
* B. Store access keys in S3: This is also insecure, as it involves managing and distributing long-term credentials, which should be avoided.
* D. Retrieve access keys via a script: This approach is unnecessarily complex and less secure than using IAM roles, which provide temporary credentials automatically.
352. Frage
A company has an application that serves clients that are deployed in more than 20.000 retail storefront locations around the world. The application consists of backend web services that are exposed over HTTPS on port 443 The application is hosted on Amazon EC2 Instances behind an Application Load Balancer (ALB).
The retail locations communicate with the web application over the public internet. The company allows each retail location to register the IP address that the retail location has been allocated by its local ISP.
The company's security team recommends to increase the security of the application endpoint by restricting access to only the IP addresses registered by the retail locations.
What should a solutions architect do to meet these requirements?
Antwort: D
Begründung:
* AWS WAF (Web Application Firewall): AWS WAF allows you to create custom rules to block or allow web requests based on conditions that you specify.
* Web ACL (Access Control List):
* Create a web ACL and associate it with the ALB.
* Use IP rule sets to specify the IP addresses of the retail locations that are allowed to access the application.
* Security and Flexibility:
* AWS WAF provides a scalable way to manage access control, ensuring that only traffic from registered IP addresses is allowed.
* You can dynamically update the IP rule sets to add or remove IP addresses as needed.
* Operational Simplicity: Using AWS WAF with a web ACL is straightforward and integrates seamlessly with the ALB, providing an efficient solution for managing access control based on IP addresses.
References:
* AWS WAF
* How AWS WAF Works
353. Frage
A company has a web application hosted in their on-premises infrastructure that they want to migrate to AWS cloud. Your manager has instructed you to ensure that there is no downtime while the migration process is on-going. In order to achieve this, your team decided to divert 50% of the traffic to the new application in AWS and the other 50% to the application hosted in their on-premises infrastructure. Once the migration is over and the application works with no issues, a full diversion to AWS will be implemented. The company's VPC is connected to its on-premises network via an AWS Direct Connect connection.
Which of the following are the possible solutions that you can implement to satisfy the above requirement? (Select TWO.)
Antwort: B,E
Begründung:
Application Load Balancers support Weighted Target Groups routing. With this feature, you will be able to do weighted routing of the traffic forwarded by a rule to multiple target groups. This enables various use cases like blue-green, canary and hybrid deployments without the need for multiple load balancers.
It even enables zero-downtime migration between on-premises and cloud or between different compute types like EC2 and Lambda.
To divert 50% of the traffic to the new application in AWS and the other 50% to the application, you can also use Route 53 with Weighted routing policy. This will divert the traffic between the on-premises and AWS-hosted application accordingly.
Weighted routing lets you associate multiple resources with a single domain name (tutorialsdojo.com) or subdomain name (portal.tutorialsdojo.com) and choose how much traffic is routed to each resource. This can be useful for a variety of purposes, including load balancing and testing new versions of software.
You can set a specific percentage of how much traffic will be allocated to the resource by specifying the weights.
For example, if you want to send a tiny portion of your traffic to one resource and the rest to another resource, you might specify weights of 1 and 255. The resource with a weight of 1 gets 1/256th of the traffic (1/1+255), and the other resource gets 255/256ths (255/1+255).
You can gradually change the balance by changing the weights. If you want to stop sending traffic to a resource, you can change the weight for that record to 0.
When you create a target group in your Application Load Balancer, you specify its target type. This determines the type of target you specify when registering with this target group. You can select the following target types:
1. instance - The targets are specified by instance ID.
2. ip - The targets are IP addresses.
3. Lambda - The target is a Lambda function.
When the target type is ip, you can specify IP addresses from one of the following CIDR blocks:
- 10.0.0.0/8 (RFC 1918)
- 100.64.0.0/10 (RFC 6598)
- 172.16.0.0/12 (RFC 1918)
- 192.168.0.0/16 (RFC 1918)
- The subnets of the VPC for the target group
These supported CIDR blocks enable you to register the following with a target group: ClassicLink instances, instances in a VPC that is peered to the load balancer VPC, AWS resources that are addressable by IP address and port (for example, databases), and on-premises resources linked to AWS through AWS Direct Connect or a VPN connection.
Take note that you can not specify publicly routable IP addresses. If you specify targets using an instance ID, traffic is routed to instances using the primary private IP address specified in the primary network interface for the instance. If you specify targets using IP addresses, you can route traffic to an instance using any private IP address from one or more network interfaces. This enables multiple applications on an instance to use the same port. Each network interface can have its own security group.
Hence, the correct answers are the following options:
- Use an Application Elastic Load balancer with Weighted Target Groups to divert and proportion the traffic between the on-premises and AWS-hosted application. Divert 50% of the traffic to the new application in AWS and the other 50% to the application hosted in their on-premises infrastructure.
- Use Route 53 with Weighted routing policy to divert the traffic between the on-premises and AWS- hosted application. Divert 50% of the traffic to the new application in AWS and the other 50% to the application hosted in their on-premises infrastructure.
The option that says: Use a Network Load balancer with Weighted Target Groups to divert the traffic between the on-premises and AWS-hosted application. Divert 50% of the traffic to the new application in AWS and the other 50% to the application hosted in their on-premises infrastructure is incorrect because a Network Load balancer doesn't have Weighted Target Groups to divert the traffic between the on- premises and AWS-hosted application.
The option that says: Use Route 53 with Failover routing policy to divert and proportion the traffic between the on-premises and AWS-hosted application. Divert 50% of the traffic to the new application in AWS and the other 50% to the application hosted in their on-premises infrastructure is incorrect because you cannot divert and proportion the traffic between the on-premises and AWS-hosted application using Route 53 with Failover routing policy. This is primarily used if you want to configure active-passive failover to your application architecture.
The option that says: Use AWS Global Accelerator to divert and proportion the HTTP and HTTPS traffic between the on-premises and AWS-hosted application. Ensure that the on-premises network has an AnyCast static IP address and is connected to your VPC via a Direct Connect Gateway is incorrect because although you can control the proportion of traffic directed to each endpoint using AWS Global Accelerator by assigning weights across the endpoints, it is still wrong to use a Direct Connect Gateway and an AnyCast IP address since these are not required at all. You can only associate static IP addresses provided by AWS Global Accelerator to regional AWS resources or endpoints, such as Network Load Balancers, Application Load Balancers, EC2 Instances, and Elastic IP addresses. Take note that a Direct Connect Gateway, per se, doesn't establish a connection from your on-premises network to your Amazon VPCs. It simply enables you to use your AWS Direct Connect connection to connect to two or more VPCs that are located in different AWS Regions. References:
http://docs.aws.amazon.com/Route53/latest/DeveloperGuide/routing-policy.html
https://aws.amazon.com/blogs/aws/new-application-load-balancer-simplifies-deployment-with-weighted-t arget-groups/
https://docs.aws.amazon.com/elasticloadbalancing/latest/application/load-balancer-target-groups.html Check out this Amazon Route 53 Cheat Sheet:
https://tutorialsdojo.com/amazon-route-53/
354. Frage
A media company is launching a new product platform that artists from around the world can use to upload videos and images directly to an Amazon S3 bucket. The company owns and maintains the S3 bucket. The artists must be able to upload files from personal devices without the need for AWS credentials or an AWS account. Which solution will meet these requirements MOST securely?
Antwort: A
Begründung:
Option C is the most secure and practical solution. Presigned URLs allow temporary, limited access to upload files to specific S3 prefixes. This ensures that artists can upload files securely without needing AWS credentials or accounts. Each artist receives a unique URL with permissions tied to the intended S3 location, and the URL can be configured to expire after a certain time, minimizing security risks.
Why Other Options Are Incorrect:
Option A: Enabling CORS allows cross-origin access but does not provide authentication or authorization for uploads. This does not secure the uploads or restrict access to specific artists.
Option B: Turning off block public access and sharing the bucket URL exposes the bucket to potential misuse and unauthorized uploads. This approach is highly insecure.
Option D: While a web interface might work, it introduces additional complexity and potential security risks by exposing upload functionality through a public-facing application.
355. Frage
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