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| Section | Weight | Objectives |
|---|---|---|
| Topic 1: Dentistry | 7% | - Periodontal care and patient education - Dental anatomy, disease recognition - Dental cleaning, polishing, radiography |
| Topic 2: Diagnostic Imaging | 6% | - Ultrasound, other imaging modalities - Radiography: positioning, safety, technique - Image quality assessment and documentation |
| Topic 3: Animal Care and Nursing | 20% | - Specialized care for exotic, large or neonatal patients - Husbandry, nutrition, fluid therapy - Infection control, sanitation, isolation - Physical examination, patient assessment |
| Topic 4: Surgical Nursing | 13% | - Wound management, suture materials and techniques - Intraoperative and postoperative care - Surgical preparation, instrumentation, aseptic technique |
| Topic 5: Communication and Veterinary Professional Support Services | 5% | - Client education, communication techniques - Practice management, team collaboration - Medical records, ethics, legal and regulatory compliance |
| Topic 6: Pain Management / Analgesia | 7% | - Multimodal analgesia protocols - Pain assessment, pharmacologic and non-pharmacologic control |
| Topic 7: Laboratory Procedures | 9% | - Hematology, clinical chemistry, urinalysis - Parasitology, microbiology, cytology - Sample collection, handling and processing |
| Topic 8: Pharmacy and Pharmacology | 13% | - Drug classification, dosage calculation, administration routes - Anatomy, physiology, pathophysiology related to agents - Preparation, dispensing, storage, safety and disposal - Controlled substance management |
| Topic 9: Emergency Medicine / Critical Care | 7% | - Toxicology, trauma, first aid procedures - Triage, shock, respiratory/cardiac emergencies |
| Topic 10: Anesthesia | 13% | - Anesthetic agents, equipment, monitoring - Recovery and emergency management - Pre-anesthetic assessment and preparation |
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NEW QUESTION # 1283
An owner is trying to breed her Samoyed to the best in show stud. She had a heat cycle 8 months ago, and she is concerned that she hasn't had another heat since. She wants vaginal cytology performed to determine what stage of estrous the dog may be in at this time and if she will be receptive to the male.
What findings would you suspect from cytology showing she is in estrous now, and when would the dog ovulate when in estrus?
Answer: A
Explanation:
In canines, cytology can be very helpful in identifying stages of estrous. This can help breeders determine when to breed but also to consider when there may be reproductive concerns. Proestrus, when a bitch will not stand for breeding, shows varying degrees of neutrophils and superficial epithelial cells depending on the early or late timeframe. Anestrus, or periods without cycling, shows parabasal and intermediate cells with no superficial cells.
Monoestrous animals have one estrous cycle per year, which occurs at a relatively predictable time each year. Monoestrous animals include foxes and mink.
Other animals are diestrous, having two cycles per year (dogs), or polyestrous (cattle and swine). Polyestrous animals cycle on and off throughout the year until they become pregnant. Cats are induced ovulators, while other species have varying times of ovulation after the onset of estrus. It can vary from as few as 12-18 hours after the end of estrus in caprine species to 2-4 days after the onset of estrus in the domestic dog. Horses' estrus lasts 4-7 days with ovulation occurring 1-2 days before the end of estrus.
NEW QUESTION # 1284
Which of the following is not an appropriate use for a dental explorer?
Answer: D
Explanation:
A dental explorer is a thin metal instrument with a curved "shepherd's hook" and a sharp tip at the working end. The tip is gently moved along the tooth surface to detect irregularities, such as subgingival calculus and enamel defects. The tip can be applied to the fractured surface of a tooth under moderate pressure to check for soft areas that may indicate an opening into the pulp chamber. The tip or the hook can be placed on a crown to assess mobility with either a pushing or pulling motion.
An explorer should not be used to measure gingival sulcus depth because the sharp tip can traumatize gingiva. Additionally, there are no millimeter markings to objectively evaluate depth. Instead, a periodontal probe with smooth sides, a blunt tip, and measurement markings should be used.
NEW QUESTION # 1285
You are asked to prepare samples for the lab. You prepare fecal samples and fill out the paperwork for the correct tests. Your veterinarian requests a Baermann fecal technique be used. The vet may be testing for all of the following except which disease?
Answer: D
Explanation:
Spirocerca lupi, or the esophageal worm, is found in the dog. Infection occurs due to the ingestion of the intermediate host, a dung beetle, or via the paratenic host (intermediate host). To identify the organism in feces, one needs to do a fecal flotation or centrifugal flotation. Clinical signs may include vomiting, weight loss, dysphasia, and sudden death. Usually, this is a diagnosis generally made on necropsy.
The Baermann fecal technique is used to remove lungworms from a small amount of fecal material. It uses a paper cup, disposable cellulose tissue, an elastic band, sedimentation jar, pipette with bulb, petri dish, and the dissecting microscope. This test can also identify nematode larvae from tissues or soil. It uses warm water to stimulate larvae. Once stimulated, the larvae then sink to the bottom of a funnel for collection.
Lungworms of many species can be identified via this technique. They include:
*Filaroides species - Canine lungworms
*Crenosoma species - Lungworm primarily of foxes, but dogs can become aberrant hosts
*Strongyloides stercoralis - Threadworm, found in the small intestines of the dog or cat. Infection occurs via skin penetration, transmammary transmission, or ingestion of larvae.
*Aulurostrongylus abstrusus - Feline lungworm
*Dictyocaulus spp. - Ruminant lungworms
*Prostostrongylus rufescens - Sheep lungworm
*Muellerius spp. - Hair lungworm in sheep
NEW QUESTION # 1286
Which of the following anesthetic agents is a controlled substance?
Answer: B
NEW QUESTION # 1287
Calves and lambs are susceptible to white muscle disease (nutritional myodegeneration) when born to dams that are fed diets deficient in which of the following?
Answer: A
Explanation:
Calves and lambs are susceptible to white muscle disease (nutritional myodegeneration) when born to dams that are fed diets deficient in selenium. A diet deficient in vitamin E may also cause white muscle disease in newborn calves and lambs. Degeneration of skeletal or cardiac muscle may occur when diets are deficient in selenium and vitamin E. If white muscle disease is detected early, selenium and vitamin E injections may be administered to try to reverse the clinical signs.
Diets deficient in potassium, protein, and iron do not cause calves or lambs to become susceptible to white muscle disease.
NEW QUESTION # 1288
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