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| Section | Weight | Objectives |
|---|---|---|
| Application Observability and Maintenance | 15% | - Understand API deprecations - Implement probes and health checks - Work with container logs - Monitor applications using CLI tools - Debug applications in Kubernetes |
| Application Environment, Configuration and Security | 25% | - Use ServiceAccounts - Apply application security settings - Understand authentication, authorization and admission control - Use custom resources and extensions - Create and consume Secrets - Configure resource requirements, limits and quotas - Work with ConfigMaps |
| Services and Networking | 20% | - Expose applications via Services - Understand and apply NetworkPolicies - Troubleshoot network access - Use Ingress rules |
| Application Design and Build | 20% | - Define, build and modify container images - Understand multi-container Pod design patterns - Choose and use appropriate workload resources - Utilize persistent and ephemeral volumes |
| Application Deployment | 20% | - Use Helm package manager - Work with Kustomize - Implement deployment strategies - Manage Deployments, rolling updates and rollbacks |
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NEW QUESTION # 65
You have a Deployment running a microservice that is responsible for processing user data To ensure the security of this data, you need to implement a NetworkPolicy that restricts network traffic to and from the microservice's pods.
Answer:
Explanation:
See the solution below with Step by Step Explanation.
Explanation:
Solution (Step by Step) :
1. Create a NetworkP01icy:
- Create a NetworkPolicy YAML file to define the traffic rules:
2. Apply the NetworkPolicy: - Apply tne NetworkPoliCY configuration to your Kubernetes cluster: basn kubectl apply -f restrict-microservice-traffic_yaml 3. Test the NetworkPoIicy: - Create a pod in a different namespace or on a different node. - Attempt to connect to the microservice pod from the new pod. - Verity that the connection is blocked as per the defined NetworkPolicy rules.
NEW QUESTION # 66
Context
You must connect to the correct host . Failure to do so may result in a zero score.
[candidate@base] $ ssh ckad00043
A Deployment needs specific RBAC permissions.
Task
First, find the RBAC permissions needed by the scraper Deployment running in the cute-panda namespace .
it kubectl logs may help you to find the permissions it needs.
Next, create a new ServiceAccount named scraper in the namespace cute-panda.
Answer:
Explanation:
See the Explanation below for complete solution.
Explanation:
ssh ckad00043
You have two deliverables here:
* Figure out what RBAC permissions the scraper Deployment needs (the logs will usually show
"Forbidden" with the missing verb/resource).
* Create a ServiceAccount named scraper in namespace cute-panda (and in practice, you then bind the needed permissions to it and use it in the Deployment so it actually works).
Below is the exact CKAD-style workflow.
1) Find the missing RBAC permissions (use logs + events)
1.1 Identify the pods for the Deployment
kubectl -n cute-panda get deploy scraper
kubectl -n cute-panda get pods -l app=scraper 2>/dev/null || kubectl -n cute-panda get pods Pick one pod name and check logs:
kubectl -n cute-panda logs deploy/scraper --tail=100
If the pod is crashlooping and logs are short:
POD=$(kubectl -n cute-panda get pods -o jsonpath='{.items[0].metadata.name}') kubectl -n cute-panda logs "$POD" --previous --tail=200
1.2 Look specifically for "Forbidden" lines
Most apps print errors like:
* ... is forbidden: User "system:serviceaccount:cute-panda:default" cannot list resource "pods" in API group "" in the namespace "cute-panda"
* or cannot get resource "configmaps"...
* or cannot watch ...
If you don't see it in logs, check events:
kubectl -n cute-panda get events --sort-by=.lastTimestamp | tail -n 30
1.3 Extract verb/resource/apiGroup from the error
From a typical Kubernetes RBAC "forbidden" message, capture:
* verb: get/list/watch/create/update/patch/delete
* resource: pods, configmaps, secrets, deployments, etc.
* apiGroup: "" (core), apps, batch, etc.
* namespace: cute-panda (this is a namespaced permission if it's a Role) You may have multiple "cannot ..." lines # you need to allow all of them.
2) Create the ServiceAccount scraper (required by the task)
kubectl -n cute-panda create serviceaccount scraper
kubectl -n cute-panda get sa scraper
3) Create the RBAC objects to grant the needed permissions
The task says "A Deployment needs specific RBAC permissions" - in CKAD, that usually means: Role + RoleBinding (namespaced) bound to your new ServiceAccount.
3.1 Create a Role (template you fill from the log output)
Create scraper-role.yaml:
cat <<'EOF' > scraper-role.yaml
apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
kind: Role
metadata:
name: scraper-role
namespace: cute-panda
rules:
# EXAMPLE ONLY: replace these rules with what your logs show
- apiGroups: [""]
resources: ["pods"]
verbs: ["get","list","watch"]
EOF
Apply it:
kubectl apply -f scraper-role.yaml
3.2 Bind the Role to the ServiceAccount
kubectl -n cute-panda create rolebinding scraper-rb \
--role=scraper-role \
--serviceaccount=cute-panda:scraper
Verify:
kubectl -n cute-panda get role scraper-role
kubectl -n cute-panda get rolebinding scraper-rb -o yaml
4) Update the Deployment to use the new ServiceAccount (so it actually works) Check current SA (likely default):
kubectl -n cute-panda get deploy scraper -o jsonpath='{.spec.template.spec.serviceAccountName}{"\n"}' Patch it to use scraper:
kubectl -n cute-panda patch deploy scraper -p '{"spec":{"template":{"spec":{"serviceAccountName":" scraper"}}}}' Rollout:
kubectl -n cute-panda rollout status deploy scraper
Re-check logs to confirm RBAC errors are gone:
kubectl -n cute-panda logs deploy/scraper --tail=100
NEW QUESTION # 67
You have a Deployment for a web application that uses a separate Redis cache pod for session management. You want to ensure that each web application pod can access a dedicated Redis instance for session management and avoid contention. Explain how you can use a PersistentVolumeClaim and StatetulSet to achieve this.
Answer:
Explanation:
See the solution below with Step by Step Explanation.
Explanation:
Solution (Step by Step) :
I). Create a PersistentVoIumeClaim:
- Create a PersistentVoIumeCIaim (PVC) to request persistent storage for each Redis instance.
- Specify the storage size, access modes, and other requirements based on your needs.
- Example:
2. Create a StatefulSet: - Define a StatefulSet for the Redis pods. - Associate each Redis pod with a unique PVC, ensuring that each pod gets its own dedicated persistent volume. - Example:
3. Configure the Deployment: - Denne tne web application pod Within a Deployment. - Use a Service (e.g., 'redis-service') to access the Redis instances. - Make sure the web application's code can access the Redis instances using the service name. - Example:
4. Deploy and Test - Deploy tne PersistentVolumeClaim, StatefulSet, and Deployment. - Test the web application to ensure that each pod can access its own dedicated Redis instance and session data is correctly managed Without contention. 5. Important: - StatefulSets ensure that each pod has a unique hostname and persistent storage, making them suitable for managing stateful applications. - This approach helps isolate Redis instances, preventing session data conflicts and ensuring the scalability of your web application. ,
NEW QUESTION # 68
You have a Deployment that runs a critical service with 5 replicas. You need to update the service with a new image, but you want to ensure that only one replica is unavailable at a time during the update process. You also want to control how long the update process can take. How would you implement this using the 'rollinglJpdate' strategy?
Answer:
Explanation:
See the solution below with Step by Step Explanation.
Explanation:
Solution (Step by Step) :
1. Update the Deployment YAMLI
- Set 'strategy.type' to 'RollingLJpdate'
- Configure 'strategy.rollingupdate.maxunavailable' to 'I' to limit the number of unavailable replicas during the update.
- Set 'strategy-rollinglJpdate.maxSurge' to to allow for a maximum of six replicas during the update process.
2. Control Update Duration (Optional): - Optionally, you can use 'strategy-rollingUpdate.partition' to control the number of pods updated at a time. This allows you to slow down the update process by updating fewer pods at once- For example, setting 'partition' to ' 2' would update only two pods at a time.
3. Create or IJpdate the Deployment: - Apply the updated YAML file using 'kubectl apply -f my-critical-service-deployment.yaml' 4. Trigger the Update: - Update the image of your application to a newer version. - You can trigger the update by pushing a new image to your container registry. 5. Monitor the Update: - Use 'kubectl get pods -I app=my-critical-service to monitor the pod updates during the rolling update process. - Observe the pods being updated one at a time, ensuring that there's always at least four replicas available. 6. Check for Successful Update: - Once the update is complete, use 'kubectl describe deployment my-critical-service' to verify that the 'updatedReplicaS field matches the 'replicas' field.,
NEW QUESTION # 69
Exhibit:
Given a container that writes a log file in format A and a container that converts log files from format A to format B, create a deployment that runs both containers such that the log files from the first container are converted by the second container, emitting logs in format B.
Task:
* Create a deployment named deployment-xyz in the default namespace, that:
* Includes a primary
lfccncf/busybox:1 container, named logger-dev
* includes a sidecar Ifccncf/fluentd:v0.12 container, named adapter-zen
* Mounts a shared volume /tmp/log on both containers, which does not persist when the pod is deleted
* Instructs the logger-dev
container to run the command
which should output logs to /tmp/log/input.log in plain text format, with example values:
* The adapter-zen sidecar container should read /tmp/log/input.log and output the data to /tmp/log/output.* in Fluentd JSON format. Note that no knowledge of Fluentd is required to complete this task: all you will need to achieve this is to create the ConfigMap from the spec file provided at /opt/KDMC00102/fluentd-configma p.yaml , and mount that ConfigMap to /fluentd/etc in the adapter-zen sidecar container
Answer: B
NEW QUESTION # 70
......
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