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| Section | Weight | Objectives |
|---|---|---|
| Topic 1: Standards and Concepts | 20% | - Bandwidth, throughput, and latency - Common network protocols - Network topologies and types - OSI and TCP/IP models |
| Topic 2: Security | 10% | - Wireless security standards (WPA2/WPA3) - Firewall and access control principles - CIA triad and AAA model - Common threats and vulnerabilities |
| Topic 3: Endpoints and Media Types | 15% | - Wired, wireless, and cellular technologies - Network cables and connectors - Endpoint devices and operating systems - Connectivity verification tools |
| Topic 4: Infrastructure | 20% | - Wireless access points and SSIDs - Network device ports and status indicators - Switching concepts and VLANs - Routing concepts and default gateway |
| Topic 5: Addressing and Subnet Formats | 20% | - IPv4 addressing and subnetting - IPv6 addressing and prefixes - Subnet mask and CIDR notation - Public vs private IP and NAT |
| Topic 6: Diagnosing Problems | 15% | - Troubleshooting methodology - Remote access methods (SSH, RDP, console) - Command-line utilities (ping, traceroute, nslookup) - Packet capture and analysis basics |
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NEW QUESTION # 61
In the network shown in the following graphic, Switch1 is a Layer 2 switch.
PC-A sends a frame to PC-C. Switch1 does not have a mapping entry for the MAC address of PC-C. Which action does Switch1 take?
Answer: D
Explanation:
Understanding How Layer 2 Switches Handle Unknown MAC Addresses
Switches operate at Layer 2 (Data Link Layer) of the OSI model and maintain a MAC address table (CAM table) to forward frames efficiently.
* When a switch receives a frame, it checks its MAC address table to see if it knows the destination MAC address.
* If the destination MAC address is not in the table (meaning the switch does not know which port leads to PC-C), the switch follows the flooding behavior.
What Happens When Switch1 Receives a Frame from PC-A to PC-C?
* Switch1 checks its MAC table:
* The source MAC (PC-A) is recorded in the table on port G0/1.
* The destination MAC (PC-C) is not in the table.
* Switch1 does not know where PC-C is:
* It floods the frame out of all active ports except the port it was received on (G0/1).
* This means the frame is sent to:
* Switch2 (via G0/23)
* PC-B (via G0/2)
* Switch2 receives the frame and follows the same process:
* If Switch2 has PC-C's MAC in its table, it forwards the frame appropriately.
* If not, it floods the frame again until PC-C replies.
* Once PC-C responds, Switch1 and Switch2 learn its MAC address and update their tables.
Why Other Options Are Incorrect:
# A. Switch1 queries Switch2 for the MAC address of PC-C.
* Incorrect: Switches do not query other switches directly for MAC addresses. Instead, they rely on learning MAC addresses dynamically through frame forwarding.
# B. Switch1 drops the frame and sends an error message back to PC-A.
* Incorrect: Switches do not drop frames for unknown MAC addresses. Instead, they flood the frames out all ports except the incoming port.
# D. Switch1 sends an ARP request to obtain the MAC address of PC-C.
* Incorrect:
* ARP (Address Resolution Protocol) is only used to resolve IP addresses to MAC addresses.
* Since PC-A is sending a frame (Layer 2), not an IP packet (Layer 3), ARP is not involved here.
Conclusion
Since Switch1 does not know the destination MAC address, it floods the frame out all active ports except the port it was received on. This is the default behavior of Layer 2 switches when they encounter an unknown MAC address.
Thus, the correct answer is:# C. Switch1 floods the frame out all active ports except port G0/1.
References
* Cisco CCNA 200-301 Official Guide - MAC Address Table & Frame Forwarding
* RFC 894 - Standard for Ethernet Frame Forwarding
* Cisco Networking Essentials - Switch Flooding Behavior
NEW QUESTION # 62
A local company requires two networks in two new buildings. The addresses used in these networks must be in the private network range.
Which two address ranges should the company use? Note: You will receive partial credit for each correct selection. (Choose 2.)
Answer: A,C
Explanation:
The private IP address ranges that are set aside specifically for use within private networks and not routable on the internet are as follows:
Class A: 10.0.0.0 to 10.255.255.255
Class B: 172.16.0.0 to 172.31.255.255
Class C: 192.168.0.0 to 192.168.255.255
These ranges are defined by the Internet Assigned Numbers Authority (IANA) and are used for local communications within a private network123.
Given the options:
A). 172.16.0.0 to 172.31.255.255 falls within the Class B private range.
B). 192.16.0.0 to 192.16.255.255 is not a recognized private IP range.
C). 11.0.0.0 to 11.255.255.255 is not a recognized private IP range.
D). 192.168.0.0 to 192.168.255.255 falls within the Class C private range.
Therefore, the correct selections that the company should use for their private networks are A and D.
Reference: =
Reserved IP addresses on Wikipedia
Private IP Addresses in Networking - GeeksforGeeks
Understanding Private IP Ranges, Uses, Benefits, and Warnings
NEW QUESTION # 63
A user reports that a company website is not available. The help desk technician issues a tracertcommand to determine if the server hosting the website is reachable over the network.
The output of the command is shown as follows:
What can you tell from the command output?
Answer: B
Explanation:
Despite the timeout at hop 3, the trace reaches 192.168.1.10 at hop 5, indicating the server is reachable over the network.
NEW QUESTION # 64
During the data encapsulation process, which OSI layer adds a header that contains MAC addressing information and a trailer used for error checking?
Answer: B
Explanation:
OSI model
During the data encapsulation process, the Data Link layer of the OSI model is responsible for adding a header that contains MAC addressing information and a trailer used for error checking. The header typically includes the source and destination MAC addresses, while the trailer contains a Frame Check Sequence (FCS) which is used for error detection1.
The Data Link layer ensures that messages are delivered to the proper device on a LAN using hardware addresses and translates messages from the Network layer into bits for the Physical layer to transmit. It also controls how data is placed onto the medium and is received from the medium through the physical hardware.
References :=
* The OSI Model - The 7 Layers of Networking Explained in Plain English
* OSI Model - Network Direction
* Which layer adds both header and trailer to the data?
* What is OSI Model | 7 Layers Explained - GeeksforGeeks
NEW QUESTION # 65
Evaluate the graphic.
What type of interface is the administrator installing in the router?
Answer: A
Explanation:
The administrator is inserting a small pluggable transceiver used for network connectivity, which is an SFP module. It provides an interface for connecting fiber or copper network links to the router.
NEW QUESTION # 66
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