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Microsoft GH-200 Exam Syllabus Topics:

SectionWeightObjectives
Topic 1: Author and Maintain Actions15-20%- Create custom actions
  • 1. Debugging action failures
    • 2. JavaScript, Docker, composite actions
      - Action structure and metadata
      • 1. Workflow commands in actions
        • 2. action.yml structure and inputs/outputs
          - Distribution and versioning
          • 1. Version pinning and release strategies
            • 2. GitHub Marketplace publishing
              Topic 2: Secure and Optimize Automation10-15%- Optimization
              • 1. Caching and artifact retention
                • 2. Performance and cost optimization
                  - Security best practices
                  • 1. Prevent script injection
                    • 2. OIDC authentication
                      • 3. GITHUB_TOKEN permissions
                        Topic 3: Manage GitHub Actions for the Enterprise20-25%- Runner management
                        • 1. Hosted and self-hosted runners
                          • 2. Runner groups and scaling
                            - Secrets and variables
                            • 1. Org/repo/environment secrets
                              • 2. Secure usage and scoping
                                - Governance and policy
                                • 1. Reusable workflows governance
                                  • 2. Organization policies and access control
                                    Topic 4: Author and Manage Workflows20-25%- Configure workflow triggers and events
                                    • 1. workflow_dispatch inputs and workflow_call inputs/secrets mapping
                                      • 2. Scheduled, manual, webhook, and repository events
                                        - Manage execution and outputs
                                        • 1. Workflow summaries and badges
                                          • 2. GITHUB_OUTPUT, GITHUB_ENV, step outputs
                                            • 3. Artifacts and caching
                                              - Design workflow structure
                                              • 1. Contexts and expressions (${{ }})
                                                • 2. Service containers and environment variables
                                                  • 3. Jobs, steps, dependencies, conditions
                                                    • 4. Matrix builds and strategy configuration
                                                      Topic 5: Consume and Troubleshoot Workflows15-20%- Analyze workflow runs
                                                      • 1. Matrix execution debugging
                                                        • 2. Logs, triggers, and run history
                                                          - Artifacts and logs management
                                                          • 1. Download artifacts
                                                            • 2. Use GitHub UI and API for runs
                                                              - Reusable workflows and templates
                                                              • 1. Starter workflows vs reusable workflows
                                                                • 2. Composite actions usage

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                                                                  Microsoft GitHub Actions Sample Questions (Q126-Q131):

                                                                  NEW QUESTION # 126
                                                                  You are developing a GitHub Actions workflow that will build a .NET app.
                                                                  You need to provide the workflow with access to a sensitive enterprise license. The solution must ensure that the license is NOT exposed publicly or hardcoded.
                                                                  What should you do?

                                                                  Answer: B

                                                                  Explanation:
                                                                  To build a .NET application while securely handling a sensitive enterprise license on a GitHub- hosted Ubuntu runner, you should store the Base64-encoded license as a GitHub Repository Secret.
                                                                  Key Security Considerations
                                                                  Ephemeral Runners: GitHub-hosted runners are wiped after every job, meaning the decoded license file is automatically deleted.
                                                                  Log Redaction: GitHub attempts to redact any output that matches your secret value, but manual transformations (like decoding) should still be handled carefully.
                                                                  No Artifacts: Avoid using upload-artifact for any directories containing the decoded license, as artifacts can be downloaded by anyone with repository access
                                                                  1. Store the License as a Secret
                                                                  First, encode your license file to Base64 locally to ensure it is stored as a single string without formatting issues:
                                                                  # On your local machine (Linux/macOS)
                                                                  cat license.lic | base64 -w 0 > license_base64.txt
                                                                  Then, add this string to your repository by navigating to Settings > Secrets and variables > Actions > New repository secret. Name it ENTERPRISE_LICENSE_BASE64.
                                                                  2. Configure the GitHub Actions Workflow
                                                                  Create a .yml file in .github/workflows/ that decodes the secret into a temporary file on the Ubuntu runner. GitHub automatically masks the secret value in logs, ensuring it remains private.
                                                                  name: Build .NET App with License
                                                                  on:
                                                                  push:
                                                                  branches: [ "main" ]
                                                                  jobs:
                                                                  build:
                                                                  runs-on: ubuntu-latest # Use GitHub-hosted Ubuntu runner
                                                                  steps:
                                                                  - name: Checkout code
                                                                  uses: actions/checkout@v4
                                                                  - name: Setup .NET
                                                                  uses: actions/setup-dotnet@v4
                                                                  with:
                                                                  dotnet-version: '8.0.x' # Specify your version
                                                                  - name: Decode License
                                                                  shell: bash
                                                                  run: |
                                                                  # Decode the secret into a file for the build process
                                                                  echo "${{ secrets.ENTERPRISE_LICENSE_BASE64 }}" | base64 --
                                                                  decode > ./license.lic
                                                                  # The runner is ephemeral; the file is destroyed when the job ends.
                                                                  - name: Restore dependencies
                                                                  run: dotnet restore
                                                                  - name: Build Application
                                                                  # Pass the license path if your build process requires it
                                                                  run: dotnet build --configuration Release --no-restore /p:LicensePath=./license.lic
                                                                  - name: Secure Cleanup (Optional)
                                                                  if: always()
                                                                  run: rm -f ./license.lic
                                                                  Reference:
                                                                  https://docs.github.com/actions/security-guides/using-secrets-in-github-actions


                                                                  NEW QUESTION # 127
                                                                  What will the output be for the following event trigger block in a workflow?

                                                                  Answer: A

                                                                  Explanation:
                                                                  Based on your configuration, the workflow will trigger in these three specific scenarios:
                                                                  Issue Opened: When a brand-new issue is created.
                                                                  Issue Edited: When the title or body of an existing issue is changed.
                                                                  Comment Created: When someone adds a new comment to an issue or pull request.
                                                                  Reference:
                                                                  https://forgejo.org/docs/next/user/actions/reference


                                                                  NEW QUESTION # 128
                                                                  You need to store an API key in a GitHub repository. The solution must ensure that the key remains secure and can be used in a GitHub Actions workflow. What should you do?

                                                                  Answer: C

                                                                  Explanation:
                                                                  To use a specific API key in your GitHub Actions workflow, you can store it as a Repository Secret and reference it using the secrets context in your YAML file. This ensures the key is encrypted and masked in your workflow logs.
                                                                  1. Store the API Key as a Secret
                                                                  Navigate to your repository on GitHub.com.
                                                                  Click Settings > Secrets and variables > Actions.
                                                                  Select the Secrets tab and click New repository secret.
                                                                  In the Name field, enter a descriptive identifier (e.g., MY_API_KEY).
                                                                  Rules: Use only alphanumeric characters or underscores; cannot start with a number or GITHUB_.
                                                                  In the Secret field, paste your API key value and click Add secret.
                                                                  2. Reference the Secret in your YAML File
                                                                  In your .github/workflows/your-workflow.yml file, access the secret using the syntax
                                                                  ${{ secrets.NAME_OF_SECRET }}. It is a best practice to map it to an environment variable within a specific step rather than echoing it directly.
                                                                  Example Workflow in yaml:
                                                                  name: Use API Key Example
                                                                  on: [push]
                                                                  jobs:
                                                                  my-job:
                                                                  runs-on: ubuntu-latest
                                                                  steps:
                                                                  - name: Run script with API Key
                                                                  # Map the secret to an environment variable for the runner
                                                                  env:
                                                                  API_KEY: ${{ secrets.MY_API_KEY }}
                                                                  run: |
                                                                  # Use the environment variable in your commands
                                                                  curl -H "Authorization: Bearer $API_KEY" https://api.example.com
                                                                  Reference:
                                                                  https://docs.github.com/actions/security-guides/using-secrets-in-github-actions


                                                                  NEW QUESTION # 129
                                                                  When reviewing an action for use, what file defines its available inputs and outputs?

                                                                  Answer: E

                                                                  Explanation:
                                                                  A custom GitHub Action's inputs, outputs, and other configurations are defined in its metadata file, which must be named action.yml or action.yaml and placed at the root of the action's repository. This YAML file specifies how the action runs (e.g., using Docker or JavaScript) and provides the metadata for its inputs and outputs, which are then used by workflows that call the action.
                                                                  Key aspects of the action.yml or action.yaml file
                                                                  Format: It uses YAML syntax.
                                                                  Location: It must be in the root directory of your action's repository.
                                                                  Contents: It defines the action's name, description, inputs, outputs, and the runs configuration to specify the execution environment (like a Docker image or JavaScript file) and entrypoint.
                                                                  Inputs and Outputs: The file includes inputs and outputs sections to declare the data the action accepts and produces, respectively.
                                                                  Reference:
                                                                  https://docs.github.com/en/actions/reference/workflows-and-actions/metadata-syntax


                                                                  NEW QUESTION # 130
                                                                  As a developer, your Actions workflow often reuses the same outputs or downloaded dependencies from one run to another. To cache dependencies for a job, you are using the GitHub cache action. Which input parameters are required for this action? (Each correct answer presents part of the solution. Choose two.)

                                                                  Answer: B,C

                                                                  Explanation:
                                                                  Input parameters for the cache action
                                                                  [C] key: Required The key created when saving a cache and the key used to search for a cache.
                                                                  It can be any combination of variables, context values, static strings, and functions. Keys have a maximum length of 512 characters, and keys longer than the maximum length will cause the action to fail.
                                                                  [A] path: Required The path(s) on the runner to cache or restore.
                                                                  Reference:
                                                                  https://docs.github.com/en/actions/reference/workflows-and-actions/dependency-caching


                                                                  NEW QUESTION # 131
                                                                  ......

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