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| Section | Weight | Objectives |
|---|---|---|
| Security and Risk Management | 14% | - Compliance and Legal Requirements - Security Governance Principles - Professional Ethics |
| Security Architecture and Engineering | 13% | - Security Models and Frameworks - Secure Design Principles |
| Identity and Access Management (IAM) | 13% | - Authentication and Authorization - Identity Lifecycle Management |
| Security Operations | 13% | - Incident Response - Disaster Recovery and Business Continuity |
| Security Assessment and Testing | 12% | - Security Testing Methods - Audit Processes |
| Software Development Security | 11% | - Application Security Controls - Secure Software Development Lifecycle (SDLC) |
| Asset Security | 10% | - Data Lifecycle Management - Information and Asset Classification |
| Communication and Network Security | 13% | - Network Architecture and Design - Secure Network Components |
>> CISSP Fragen Und Antworten <<
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847. Frage
Which of the following is the MOST crucial for a successful audit plan?
Antwort: B
848. Frage
Which of the following would constitute the best example of a password to use for access to a system by a network administrator?
Antwort: A
849. Frage
Which of the following combinations would MOST negatively affect availability?
Antwort: D
Begründung:
Availability refers to ensuring that services, systems, and data are accessible when needed. The most critical threats to availability typically involve disruptions to access or performance.
Denial of Service (DoS) attacks are designed specifically to overwhelm a system, causing it to become unavailable. These attacks can render services or systems inaccessible by flooding them with traffic or exploiting vulnerabilities, thereby disrupting availability.
Outdated hardware can also negatively affect availability, as older hardware is more likely to fail or experience performance bottlenecks. This can lead to system outages, slower performance, and increased maintenance needs, all of which compromise availability.
Together, these two factors-DoS attacks and outdated hardware-combine to create a significant risk to availability, making A the most impactful combination.
850. Frage
Rule-Based Access Control (RuBAC) access is determined by rules. Such rules would fit within what category of access control?
Antwort: A
Begründung:
Rule-based access control is a type of non-discretionary access control because this access is determined by rules and the subject does not decide what those rules will be, the rules are uniformly applied to ALL of the users or subjects.
In general, all access control policies other than DAC are grouped in the category of nondiscretionary access control (NDAC). As the name implies, policies in this category have rules that are not established at the discretion of the user. Non-discretionary policies establish controls that cannot be changed by users, but only through administrative action.
Both Role Based Access Control (RBAC) and Rule Based Access Control (RuBAC) fall within Non Discretionary Access Control (NDAC). If it is not DAC or MAC then it is most likely NDAC.
IT IS NOT ALWAYS BLACK OR WHITE
The different access control models are not totally exclusive of each others. MAC is making use of Rules to be implemented. However with MAC you have requirements above and beyond having simple access rules. The subject would get formal approval from management, the subject must have the proper security clearance, objects must have labels/sensitivity levels attached to them, subjects must have the proper security clearance. If all of this is in place then you have MAC.
BELOW YOU HAVE A DESCRIPTION OF THE DIFFERENT CATEGORIES:
MAC = Mandatory Access Control
Under a mandatory access control environment, the system or security administrator will define what permissions subjects have on objects. The administrator does not dictate user's access but simply configure the proper level of access as dictated by the Data Owner.
The MAC system will look at the Security Clearance of the subject and compare it with the object sensitivity level or classification level. This is what is called the dominance relationship.
The subject must DOMINATE the object sensitivity level. Which means that the subject must have a security clearance equal or higher than the object he is attempting to access.
MAC also introduce the concept of labels. Every objects will have a label attached to them indicating the classification of the object as well as categories that are used to impose the need to know (NTK) principle. Even thou a user has a security clearance of Secret it does not mean he would be able to access any Secret documents within the system. He would be allowed to access only Secret document for which he has a Need To Know, formal approval, and object where the user belong to one of the categories attached to the object.
If there is no clearance and no labels then IT IS NOT Mandatory Access Control.
Many of the other models can mimic MAC but none of them have labels and a dominance relationship so they are NOT in the MAC category.
NISTR-7316 Says:
Usually a labeling mechanism and a set of interfaces are used to determine access based on the MAC policy; for example, a user who is running a process at the Secret classification should not be allowed to read a file with a label of Top Secret. This is known as the "simple security rule," or "no read up." Conversely, a user who is running a process with a label of Secret should not be allowed to write to a file with a label of Confidential. This rule is called the "*-property" (pronounced "star property") or "no write down." The *-property is required to maintain system security in an automated environment. A variation on this rule called the "strict *-property" requires that information can be written at, but not above, the subject's clearance level. Multilevel security models such as the Bell-La Padula Confidentiality and Biba Integrity models are used to formally specify this kind of MAC policy.
DAC = Discretionary Access Control
DAC is also known as: Identity Based access control system.
The owner of an object is define as the person who created the object. As such the owner has the discretion to grant access to other users on the network. Access will be granted based solely on the identity of those users.
Such system is good for low level of security. One of the major problem is the fact that a user who has access to someone's else file can further share the file with other users without the knowledge or permission of the owner of the file. Very quickly this could become the wild west as there is no control on the dissemination of the information.
RBAC = Role Based Access Control
RBAC is a form of Non-Discretionary access control.
Role Based access control usually maps directly with the different types of jobs performed by employees within a company.
For example there might be 5 security administrator within your company. Instead of creating each of their profile one by one, you would simply create a role and assign the administrators to the role. Once an administrator has been assigned to a role, he will IMPLICITLY inherit the permissions of that role.
RBAC is great tool for environment where there is a a large rotation of employees on a daily basis
such as a very large help desk for example.
RBAC or RuBAC = Rule Based Access Control
RuBAC is a form of Non-Discretionary access control.
A good example of a Rule Based access control device would be a Firewall. A single set of rules is
imposed to all users attempting to connect through the firewall.
NOTE FROM CLEMENT:
Lot of people tend to confuse MAC and Rule Based Access Control.
Mandatory Access Control must make use of LABELS. If there is only rules and no label, it cannot
be Mandatory Access Control. This is why they call it Non Discretionary Access control (NDAC).
There are even books out there that are WRONG on this subject. Books are sometimes opiniated
and not strictly based on facts.
In MAC subjects must have clearance to access sensitive objects. Objects have labels that
contain the classification to indicate the sensitivity of the object and the label also has categories
to enforce the need to know.
Today the best example of rule based access control would be a firewall. All rules are imposed
globally to any user attempting to connect through the device. This is NOT the case with MAC.
I strongly recommend you read carefully the following document: NISTIR-7316 at http://csrc.nist.gov/publications/nistir/7316/NISTIR-7316pdf It is one of the best Access Control Study document to prepare for the exam. Usually I tell people
not to worry about the hundreds of NIST documents and other reference. This document is an
exception. Take some time to read it.
Reference(s) used for this question:
KRUTZ, Ronald L. & VINES, Russel D., The CISSP Prep Guide: Mastering the Ten Domains of Computer Security, 2001, John Wiley & Sons, Page 33 And NISTIR-7316 at http://csrc.nist.gov/publications/nistir/7316/NISTIR-7316pdf
And
Conrad, Eric; Misenar, Seth; Feldman, Joshua (2012-09-01). CISSP Study Guide (Kindle Locations 651-652). Elsevier Science (reference). Kindle Edition.
851. Frage
What testing technique enables the designer to develop mitigation strategies for potential vulnerabilities?
Antwort: D
Begründung:
Threat modeling is the testing technique that enables the designer to develop mitigation strategies for potential vulnerabilities. Threat modeling is a method of identifying, analyzing, and prioritizing the threats and vulnerabilities that may affect a system or an application. Threat modeling can help the designer to understand the attack surface, the attack vectors, the attack scenarios, and the impact and likelihood of the attacks. Threat modeling can also help the designer to develop mitigation strategies for the potential vulnerabilities, such as applying security controls, implementing security best practices, or redesigning the system or the application.
Threat modeling can be performed at any stage of the system development life cycle (SDLC), but it is most effective when done early and iteratively. References: CISSP All-in-One Exam Guide, Eighth Edition, Chapter 8: Software Development Security, page 441. Free daily CISSP practice questions, Question 2.
852. Frage
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