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| Section | Weight | Objectives |
|---|
| Topic 1: Use specifications in procurement and supply | 20-25% | - Sources for developing specifications
- 1. Suppliers, industry benchmarks, regulatory requirements
- 2. Internal stakeholders, technical experts, standards bodies
- Types of specifications
- 1. Drawings, samples, brands, technical standards
- 2. Conformance vs performance specifications
- 3. Output/outcome-based specifications
- Advantages and limitations of specification types
- 1. Risk, cost, flexibility, supplier innovation impact
|
| Topic 2: Stakeholder management in defining needs | 15-20% | - Communicate and consult with stakeholders
- 1. Resolving conflicting requirements
- 2. Methods for gathering requirements
- Align needs with organisational objectives
- 1. Strategic alignment and value contribution
- Identify and classify stakeholders
- 1. Power/interest matrix and engagement strategies
- 2. Internal vs external stakeholders
|
| Topic 3: Market management in procurement and supply | 20-25% | - Assess market forces and trends
- 1. Supply and demand dynamics
- 2. Global vs local market conditions
- 3. Technological, legal, economic, social factors
- Analyse market structures and competition
- 1. Perfect competition, monopoly, oligopoly, monopolistic competition
- 2. Impact of market structure on procurement strategies
- Evaluate market information sources
- 1. Supplier intelligence and market research
- 2. Industry reports, government data, trade journals
|
| Topic 4: Legal and regulatory considerations | 10-15% | - Sustainability and ethical requirements
- 1. Environmental, social, ethical criteria
- Legislation affecting requirements definition
- 1. Procurement regulations, competition law, standards
|
| Topic 5: Devise a business case for requirements sourced externally | 20-25% | - Criteria for creating business cases
- 1. Costs, benefits, options, alignment, timescales
- 2. Benchmarking requirements
- Influence of business needs on procurement decisions
- 1. Impact of business needs on purchase types
- 2. Types of purchase: new, modified rebuy, straight re-buy
- 3. Procurement's role in developing business cases
- Estimate costs and prices for procurement activities
- 1. Total cost of ownership / whole life costing
- 2. Cost estimation and budgeting methods
- 3. Direct and indirect costs
- 4. Market data sources for cost/price information
- Interpret financial budgets for purchase control
- 1. Cash flow and cost entries
- 2. Budget performance and variance management
- 3. Purpose and structure of budgets
|
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CIPS Defining Business Needs Sample Questions (Q159-Q164):
NEW QUESTION # 159
Which of the following problems may be identified as open-ended problems? Select TWO that apply:
- A. Shortage of key medicines in healthcare industry
- B. A cyber attack takes down whole company's IT system
- C. The suppliers don't comply with the company's policy on underage labour.
- D. Logistics costs incur a large portion in wholesale prices
- E. Engine failures cause flight cancellations.
Answer: C,D
Explanation:
Open-ended problem is something stopping the achievement of an objective or blocking progress. To solve this type of problems, procurement professional should find a way to unblock the block-age. In the above question, high logistics cost is an obstacle to cost cutting objective while suppli-er's incompliance prevents the company to achieve its sustainable objective.
Reference: CIPS study guide page 11
LO 1, AC 1.1
NEW QUESTION # 160
What is the document that defines the activities, deliverables and timelines a supplier must carry out during contract performance?
- A. Framework agreement
- B. Project initial document
- C. Work instruction
- D. Statement of work
Answer: D
Explanation:
Statement of Work (SoW) is the document that captures and defines all aspects of your project. You'll note the activities, deliverables and the timetable for the project. It's an extremely detailed document as it will lay the groundwork for the project plan.
Project Initial Document is an important document and should precede any specification writing project. It sets out the scope of the project and it is the team's mandate from senior management Work instructions are also called work guides, Standard Operating Procedures (SOPs), job aids or user manuals, depending on the situation. In any case, the purpose of work instructions is to clearly explain how a particular work task is performed.
Framework agreements are arrangements between one or more buyers and one or more suppliers that provide the terms governing contracts to be established for a certain period of time, in particular with regard to price and, where necessary, the quantity envisaged.
Reference:
LO 3, AC 3.1
NEW QUESTION # 161
Which of the following problems may be identified as open-ended problems? Select TWO that apply:
- A. Shortage of key medicines in healthcare industry
- B. A cyber attack takes down whole company's IT system
- C. The suppliers don't comply with the company's policy on underage labour.
- D. Logistics costs incur a large portion in wholesale prices
- E. Engine failures cause flight cancellations.
Answer: C,D
Explanation:
Open-ended problem is something stopping the achievement of an objective or blocking progress. To solve this type of problems, procurement professional should find a way to unblock the block-age. In the above question, high logistics cost is an obstacle to cost cutting objective while suppli-er's incompliance prevents the company to achieve its sustainable objective.
NEW QUESTION # 162
Apple's CPO is planning a budget for purchasing carbon-free aluminium next year. There are 27.4 tonnes of aluminum in stock, while Apple will need 200 tonnes for production next year and double inventory for production in the following year. How much aluminum will Apple need to purchase in next year?
- A. 282.2 tonnes
- B. 117.8 tonnes
- C. 172.6 tonnes
- D. 227.4 tonnes
Answer: D
Explanation:
The quantity of aluminium Apple needs to buy is calculated as follows:
Quantity needed for production + the inventory needed at the end of the year - inventory at start of the year That formula is quantified as: 200 + 54.8 - 27.4 = 227.4 Reference: CIPS study guide page 103 LO 2, AC 2.3
NEW QUESTION # 163
In Kano model, which of the following types of requirement should be excluded from the product or service?
- A. Reverse requirements
- B. Attractive requirements
- C. Must-be requirements
- D. Performance requirements
Answer: A
Explanation:
Kano model of excitement and basic quality (Kano et al, 1984; Berger et al, 1993; Matzler et al, 1996) brings a different perspective for the analysis of improvement opportunities in products and services because it takes in consideration the asymmetrical and non-linear relationship between performance and satisfaction. The Kano model classifies customers requirements in three categories (figure 3):
a) Basic Requirements (or Must-be requirement). The basic requirements fulfill the basic func-tions of a product. If they are not present or their performance is insufficient, customers will be extremely dissatisfied.
On the other hand, if they are present or have sufficient performance, they don't bring satisfaction. Customers see them as prerequisites. For instance, for luxury automobiles, "air bags" are considered basic. A customer won't feel satisfied if the automobile has "air bag", however he/she will not buy it if "air bag" is not present.
b) Performance Requirements (or One-dimensional requirements). As for these requirements, satisfaction is proportional to the performance level - the higher the performance, the higher the customer's satisfaction will be and vice-versa. Gas consumption in automobiles is an example of these requirements. Usually customers explicitly demand performance requirements.
c) Excitement Requirements (or Attractive requirements). These requirements are key to cus-tomer satisfaction. If they are present or have sufficient performance, they will bring superior satisfaction. On the other hand, if they are not present or their performance is insufficient, customers will not get dissatisfied. For instance, a surprise gift at the end of a dinner in a restaurant will certainly bring satisfaction, but it will not cause dissatisfaction if not offered. These requirements are not demanded nor expected by customers.
Two other types of requirements may be identified in the Kano model: neutral and reverse ones. Neutral requirements do not bring either satisfaction or dissatisfaction. Reverse require-ments bring more satisfaction if absent than if present.
Diagram Description automatically generated
Reference:
- Integrating Kano model and QFD for Designing New Products
- CIPS study guide page 171-172
NEW QUESTION # 164
......
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