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| Section | Objectives |
|---|---|
| Topic 1: Introduction to Ethical Hacking | - Ethical hacking concepts and methodology |
| Topic 2: Cloud and IoT Security | - IoT security fundamentals - Cloud computing security concepts |
| Topic 3: Reconnaissance Techniques | - Scanning networks and enumeration - Footprinting and information gathering |
| Topic 4: Web and Application Security | - Web application hacking techniques |
| Topic 5: Wireless and Mobile Security | - Wireless network attacks - Mobile platform vulnerabilities |
| Topic 6: Cryptography | - Encryption, hashing, and cryptanalysis |
| Topic 7: System Hacking | - Gaining access and privilege escalation - Malware threats and system exploitation |
| Topic 8: Network Attacks | - Denial of Service (DoS/DDoS) - Sniffing and session hijacking |
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NEW QUESTION # 11
A penetration tester is tasked with assessing the security of a smart home IoT device that communicates with a mobile app over an unencrypted connection. The tester wants to intercept the communication and extract sensitive information. What is the most effective approach to exploit this vulnerability?
Answer: D
Explanation:
IoT devices often suffer from weak or missing encryption protocols, creating opportunities for attackers to intercept sensitive information. CEH courseware highlights that when device-to-app communication occurs in plaintext, a man-in-the-middle attack becomes one of the most effective exploitation methods. By positioning themselves between the device and the mobile application, the attacker can observe all transmitted data, including configuration updates, authentication tokens, and personal information. Tools such as Wireshark, mitmproxy, and specialized IoT interception frameworks allow testers to capture packets, decode protocols, and reconstruct application logic. The CEH curriculum stresses the importance of evaluating IoT device communication channels, because many rely on unsecured HTTP or proprietary plaintext protocols. Brute- force attempts, SQL injection, or dictionary attacks do not directly target the device-app communication pathway and would not exploit the fundamental weakness present here: lack of encryption. A MitM attack directly takes advantage of this flaw and provides comprehensive visibility into all transmitted data, making it the most effective and CEH-aligned method of exploitation.
NEW QUESTION # 12
To create a botnet. the attacker can use several techniques to scan vulnerable machines. The attacker first collects Information about a large number of vulnerable machines to create a list. Subsequently, they infect the machines. The list Is divided by assigning half of the list to the newly compromised machines. The scanning process runs simultaneously. This technique ensures the spreading and installation of malicious code in little time.
Which technique is discussed here?
Answer: C
Explanation:
One of the biggest problems a worm faces in achieving a very fast rate of infection is "getting off the ground." although a worm spreads exponentially throughout the early stages of infection, the time needed to infect say the first 10,000 hosts dominates the infection time.
There is a straightforward way for an active worm a simple this obstacle, that we term hit-list scanning.
Before the worm is free, the worm author collects a listing of say ten,000 to 50,000 potentially vulnerable machines, ideally ones with sensible network connections. The worm, when released onto an initial machine on this hit-list, begins scanning down the list. once it infects a machine, it divides the hit-list in half, communicating half to the recipient worm, keeping the other half.
This fast division ensures that even if only 10-20% of the machines on the hit-list are actually vulnerable, an active worm can quickly bear the hit-list and establish itself on all vulnerable machines in only some seconds.
though the hit-list could begin at 200 kilobytes, it quickly shrinks to nothing during the partitioning. This provides a great benefit in constructing a quick worm by speeding the initial infection.
The hit-list needn't be perfect: a simple list of machines running a selected server sort could serve, though larger accuracy can improve the unfold. The hit-list itself is generated victimization one or many of the following techniques, ready well before, typically with very little concern of detection.
* Stealthy scans. Portscans are so common and then wide ignored that even a quick scan of the whole net would be unlikely to attract law enforcement attention or over gentle comment within the incident response community. However, for attackers wish to be particularly careful, a randomised sneaky scan taking many months would be not possible to attract much attention, as most intrusion detection systems are not currently capable of detecting such low-profile scans. Some portion of the scan would be out of date by the time it had been used, however abundant of it'd not.
* Distributed scanning. an assailant might scan the web using a few dozen to some thousand already- compromised "zombies," the same as what DDOS attackers assemble in a very fairly routine fashion.
Such distributed scanning has already been seen within the wild-Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory received ten throughout the past year.
* DNS searches. Assemble a list of domains (for example, by using wide offered spam mail lists, or trolling the address registries). The DNS will then be searched for the science addresses of mail-servers (via mx records) or net servers (by looking for www.domain.com).
* Spiders. For net server worms (like Code Red), use Web-crawling techniques the same as search engines so as to produce a list of most Internet-connected web sites. this would be unlikely to draw in serious attention.
* Public surveys. for many potential targets there may be surveys available listing them, like the Netcraft survey.
* Just listen. Some applications, like peer-to-peer networks, wind up advertising many of their servers.
Similarly, many previous worms effectively broadcast that the infected machine is vulnerable to further attack. easy, because of its widespread scanning, during the Code Red I infection it was easy to select up the addresses of upwards of 300,000 vulnerable IIS servers-because each came knock on everyone's door!
NEW QUESTION # 13
During a penetration test at Pinnacle Bank in Chicago, ethical hacker Sarah injects crafted TCP packets into an active communication between a customer's browser and the online banking server. The victim's connection becomes unstable, allowing Sarah's system to maintain communication with the server in place of the legitimate client. She later demonstrates to the IT team how attackers could forcibly take control of live sessions through this approach. Which type of session hijacking is Sarah performing in this scenario?
Answer: B
Explanation:
Sarah actively intercepts and injects packets into a live session, disrupting the legitimate client's connection while taking control of the session. This direct manipulation and takeover of an active communication session is characteristic of active session hijacking.
NEW QUESTION # 14
What does ATT&CK tactic "Persistence" mean?
Answer: A
Explanation:
In MITRE ATT&CK, the Persistence tactic refers to techniques attackers use to maintain long- term access to a compromised system, even after reboots, credential changes, or interruptions.
NEW QUESTION # 15
A competing technology firm begins releasing products that closely mirror the design, pricing strategy, and feature roadmap of ApexDynamics Inc. An internal review reveals that detailed information about ApexDynamics' upcoming initiatives had been gradually collected through publicly available sources and external disclosures before product launch.
Which footprinting-related threat does this scenario best represent?
Answer: D
Explanation:
The correct answer is D. Corporate Espionage.
The scenario describes a competitor collecting information about ApexDynamics' future products, pricing strategy, and roadmap, then using that information to release similar products. This aligns with corporate espionage, where business-sensitive information is gathered and used to gain competitive advantage.
CEH reconnaissance and footprinting material explains that competitive intelligence involves gathering information about competitors' products, customers, and marketing, and that much of this information may be readily available through public sources . It also notes that organizations may unintentionally disclose current and future plans, directory information, and technical details through public-facing sources such as websites and business information repositories .
Option A. Social Engineering is incorrect because the scenario does not describe manipulating people into revealing information.
Option B. Information Leakage is related, but it is broader and refers to unintended exposure of sensitive information. The scenario's key impact is a competitor using gathered information to mirror business strategy and product direction.
Option C. Business Loss is an outcome that may result from the activity, but it is not the specific footprinting- related threat described.
Option D. Corporate Espionage is correct because the competitor used collected business intelligence to copy or anticipate ApexDynamics' market strategy.
Therefore, the best answer is D. Corporate Espionage.
NEW QUESTION # 16
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