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質問 # 18
Considering the requirements of clauses 6.1.2 and 6.1.4 of ISO 14001:2015, put the actions in the correct order to complete a process/task.
正解：
解説：
Explanation:
Determine environmental aspects
Determine environmental impacts
Establish criteria to determine the significance of impacts
Determine which impacts are significant
Determine which aspects are significant
Plan actions to be taken
Determine how to evaluate the effectiveness of the actions taken
According to ISO 14001:2015 clause 6.1.2 (Environmental Aspects), an organization must determine the environmental aspects of its activities, products, and services that it can control and influence, and their associated environmental impacts.
Once identified, the organization shall:
Determine the aspects that can have significant impact on the environment using established criteria for evaluating significance. (Reference: ISO 14001:2015, clause 6.1.2) Then, as per clause 6.1.4 (Planning action), the organization needs to:
Plan actions to address significant environmental aspects, legal requirements, and risks/opportunities.
Determine how to evaluate the effectiveness of these actions to ensure continual improvement.
This logical sequence ensures a structured and risk-based approach to identifying and managing environmental impacts.
Reference: ISO 14001:2015 - Clause 6.1.2 and 6.1.4
質問 # 19
A small services organisation has been contracted to handle the disposal of waste for a local hospital. You are an auditor conducting a Stage 2 audit of the hospital to ISO 14001. You are reviewing the contract with the Service Manager (SM) of the small organisation. An addendum to the contract only requires that biological waste be disposed of in the most environmentally friendly way, without reference to any regulatory requirements.
You: How was the waste disposal plan for the contract developed?
SM: We have a basic template that covers the materials, labour requirements, and methods to be employed.
Some of that is specified by the hospital.
You: How does the plan deal with specific items like biological waste, which are included in the contract and can pose biological hazards to the environment?
SM: The basic plan covers general waste, but we have an addendum that covers biological waste.
You: Are you aware of the regulatory requirements for environmentally responsible waste disposal standards in hospitals?
SM: Yes, in general, but we depend on the hospital to look after that side of things. They are the experts.
You raise a nonconformity against section 8.1.c of ISO 14001.
At the Stage 2 closing meeting of the audit, the hospital ' s EMS Manager objects to the nonconformity raised and asks for it to be withdrawn. He insists that they meet all the regulations.
Which option the audit team leader should take in response to the request?
正解：A
解説：
In accordance with ISO 19011:2018 Clause 6.4.9 (Conducting the closing meeting) and ISO/IEC 17021-1 Clause 9.4.7, any diverging opinions or disputes regarding audit findings between the audit team and the auditee must be addressed authoritatively by the audit team leader based on objective audit evidence.
Option A is correct because ISO 14001:2015 Clause 8.1(c) explicitly requires the organization to communicate its environmental requirements to external providers (including contractors). The evidence gathered during the interview demonstrated that the hospital failed to specify or communicate its applicable regulatory compliance requirements to the contracted waste handler in the contract or addendum. Merely insisting verbally at the closing meeting that regulations are met does not overturn the objective evidence showing a lack of operational control communication. The audit team leader must maintain the validity of the nonconformity.
Option B is incorrect because nonconformities are team decisions based on factual evidence, not subject to informal withdrawal without new verifiable evidence. Option C is incorrect because bargaining or downgrading valid nonconformities compromises audit integrity and impartiality. Option D is incorrect because the team leader must resolve audit finding discussions decisively during the closing meeting before finalizing the report.
References: ISO 19011:2018 Clause 6.4.9 (Closing meeting), ISO 14001:2015 Clause 8.1 (Operational planning and control), and CQI-IRCA ISO 14001 Lead Auditor Curriculum (Closing Meeting Disputes and Finding Validation).
質問 # 20
A chain of 10 paint shops in a city has established an EMS following the requirements of ISO 14001, which was third-party certified 10 years ago. You are performing a second-party audit. The audit plan included an interview with the General Manager (GM). The dialogue was as follows:
You: Hi, good evening. I have seen well-developed environmental risk assessment processes. However, I did not find the identification of emergency situations included in the results of this process. The Environmental Manager (EM) could not provide me with an acceptable answer to this question.
GM: The EM joined us two months ago, and he may not know some decisions we made some time ago, when we first certified our EMS. During those days, I met with all 10 supervisors and asked them what the emergencies were that they feared most. They unanimously said: fire. That was it. This is the only emergency we care about. As far as I remember, we do not test the plan very often because the supervisors of all our 10 shops know it very well. The auditors of our certification body accepted this. We have not had a fire in the last 10 years.
What evidence would you need to review to determine conformity with ISO 14001 in this scenario? Select six
.
正解：C、G、H、I、J、L
解説：
In accordance with ISO 14001:2015 Clause 8.2 (Emergency preparedness and response) and Clause 6.1.1 (Actions to address risks and opportunities), an organization must systematically identify potential emergency situations and periodically test planned response actions.
To evaluate conformity in this scenario, an auditor must examine six primary evidence trails:
* Reports of the last two fire drills performed (Option C): Verifies recent testing of response procedures required by Clause 8.2.
* Reports of audits from the certification body (Option E): Verifies previous audit findings and whether emergency preparedness was previously audited (Clause 9.2 / Clause 9.3).
* More details on whether the risk assessment process was applied to emergencies (Option F):
Evaluates whether chemical spills, solvent leaks, or fires were systematically assessed under Clause
6.1.1.
* Minutes of the meeting with supervisors where a fire was determined as the only emergency situation (Option H): Validates documented evidence supporting the determination of emergency scope.
* Shops that have tested the plan in the last 10 years (Option I): Assesses performance evidence regarding periodic testing across all 10 site locations under Clause 8.2.
* Reports of the management reviews (Option J): Confirms whether top management periodically evaluated emergency preparedness and response effectiveness under Clause 9.3.
Irrelevant options (such as supervisor replacements, general H & S signage, employee headcount, fire extinguisher inspections, or general competence records) relate to operational maintenance or OH & S rather than the core EMS emergency planning and evaluation process.
References: ISO 14001:2015 Clause 6.1.1 (Risks and opportunities), Clause 8.2 (Emergency preparedness and response), Clause 9.3 (Management review), and CQI-IRCA ISO 14001 Lead Auditor Curriculum (Evaluating Emergency Preparedness Audit Trails).
質問 # 21
During a second-party audit at a paper mill, you find that the EMS Manager conducted the environmental risk process. In the environmental aspects register, aspects were listed by emissions to air, releases to water, releases to land and other aspects such as energy consumption and waste disposal. They were categorised as either significant or not significant.
The EMS Manager had an action plan only for significant aspects.
Match each of the following statements of your concerns to a clause of ISO 14001.
正解：
解説：
Explanation:
* Risks and opportunities were not considered in the determining of environmental aspects: 6.1.1
* A neighbouring generating station was not considered to be an interested party: 4.2
* Deforestation through timber use was considered to be a significant environmental impact: 6.1.2
* The paper mill incorporates the use of recycled paper in its production process: 8.1
* The EMS Manager decided to decrease the number of internal audits in the programme: 9.2.2
* The technical department was working on improving the biodegradation characteristics of the finished product: 6.1.4 In accordance with ISO 14001:2015, audit concerns regarding risk management, stakeholder context, operational controls, and lifecycle planning map to specific requirements:
* Clause 6.1.1 (Actions to address risks and opportunities): Mandates that an organization establish, implement, and maintain processes to determine risks and opportunities related to its environmental aspects, compliance obligations, and other issues.
* Clause 4.2 (Understanding the needs and expectations of interested parties): Requires the identification of relevant interested parties, such as neighboring facility operators or local communities, and their specific needs and expectations.
* Clause 6.1.2 (Environmental aspects): Dictates the identification and evaluation of environmental aspects and associated environmental impacts (e.g., raw material extraction and resource depletion like deforestation) from a life-cycle perspective.
* Clause 8.1 (Operational planning and control): Encompasses operational requirements, raw material selections (such as substituting virgin timber with recycled paper content), and controlling processes according to environmental criteria.
* Clause 9.2.2 (Internal audit programme): Regulates the establishment, maintenance, and modification of internal audit frequency, methods, and programme schedules.
* Clause 6.1.4 (Planning action): Mandates planning actions to address significant aspects, compliance obligations, and risks/opportunities, including incorporating life-cycle improvements into product design and technical development.
References: ISO 14001:2015 Clauses 4.2, 6.1.1, 6.1.2, 6.1.4, 8.1, 9.2.2, and CQI-IRCA ISO 14001 Lead Auditor Curriculum (EMS Standard Clauses and Scenario Mapping).
質問 # 22
You have been nominated as audit team leader for the second recertification to ISO 14001 of ABC, a public transport organisation in a big city. The audit is planned to take place in two months.
The audit program manager asks you to review the answer provided by ABC to a nonconformity raised by another auditor during the last surveillance audit carried out eight months ago.
The nonconformity reads as follows:
*"ABC does not always communicate its relevant environmental requirements to external providers.
Evidence: A two-month contract signed with a new external provider of the maintenance for ABC's buses did not contain any relevant environmental requirements."* Which two would you consider to be the best corrective actions from ABC?
正解：C、F
解説：
The correct answers are A and B.
The nonconformity concerns ABC's failure to communicate relevant environmental requirements to an external provider. This relates mainly to ISO 14001:2015 Clause 8.1 - Operational planning and control, which requires the organisation to ensure that outsourced processes are controlled or influenced and that relevant environmental requirements are communicated to external providers.
A). We revised the contract to add the relevant environmental requirements - Correct This is the immediate correction. The specific contract that caused the nonconformity has been amended so that the maintenance provider receives the relevant environmental requirements.
B). We revised the procurement process - Correct
This is the stronger systemic corrective action. Revising the procurement process helps prevent recurrence by ensuring future contracts or purchasing arrangements include relevant environmental requirements before external providers are approved or work begins.
The other options are less suitable:
C may be useful background work, but it does not directly correct the failure to communicate requirements.
D is only a future discussion, not a completed corrective action.
E may help verify effectiveness later, but it is not the corrective action itself.
F may support implementation, but training alone is weaker than changing the process that allowed the omission.
Therefore, the best corrective actions are A and B.
質問 # 23
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