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| Section | Weight | Objectives |
|---|---|---|
| Data Operations and Support | 22% | - Troubleshoot data workflow issues - Monitor and maintain data pipelines |
| Data Security and Governance | 18% | - Apply governance and compliance best practices - Implement data security controls |
| Data Ingestion and Transformation | 34% | - Ingest and transform data using AWS services - Build and manage data pipelines |
| Data Store Management | 26% | - Select appropriate data storage solutions - Optimize storage performance and cost |
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NEW QUESTION # 48
A company has multiple applications that use datasets that are stored in an Amazon S3 bucket. The company has an ecommerce application that generates a dataset that contains personally identifiable information (PII). The company has an internal analytics application that does not require access to the PII.
To comply with regulations, the company must not share PII unnecessarily. A data engineer needs to implement a solution that with redact PII dynamically, based on the needs of each application that accesses the dataset.
Which solution will meet the requirements with the LEAST operational overhead?
Answer: A
Explanation:
Option B is the best solution to meet the requirements with the least operational overhead because S3 Object Lambda is a feature that allows you to add your own code to process data retrieved from S3 before returning it to an application. S3 Object Lambda works with S3 GET requests and can modify both the object metadata and the object data. By using S3 Object Lambda, you can implement redaction logic within an S3 Object Lambda function to dynamically redact PII based on the needs of each application that accesses the data. This way, you can avoid creating and maintaining multiple copies of the dataset with different levels of redaction.
Option A is not a good solution because it involves creating and managing multiple copies of the dataset with different levels of redaction for each application. This option adds complexity and storage cost to the data protection process and requires additional resources and configuration. Moreover, S3 bucket policies cannot enforce fine-grained data access control at the row and column level, so they are not sufficient to redact PII.
Option C is not a good solution because it involves using AWS Glue to transform the data for each application. AWS Glue is a fully managed service that can extract, transform, and load (ETL) data from various sources to various destinations, including S3. AWS Glue can also convert data to different formats, such as Parquet, which is a columnar storage format that is optimized for analytics. However, in this scenario, using AWS Glue to redact PII is not the best option because it requires creating and maintaining multiple copies of the dataset with different levels of redaction for each application. This option also adds extra time and cost to the data protection process and requires additional resources and configuration.
Option D is not a good solution because it involves creating and configuring an API Gateway endpoint that has custom authorizers. API Gateway is a service that allows you to create, publish, maintain, monitor, and secure APIs at any scale. API Gateway can also integrate with other AWS services, such as Lambda, to provide custom logic for processing requests. However, in this scenario, using API Gateway to redact PII is not the best option because it requires writing and maintaining custom code and configuration for the API endpoint, the custom authorizers, and the REST API call. This option also adds complexity and latency to the data protection process and requires additional resources and configuration.
Reference:
AWS Certified Data Engineer - Associate DEA-C01 Complete Study Guide
Introducing Amazon S3 Object Lambda - Use Your Code to Process Data as It Is Being Retrieved from S3 Using Bucket Policies and User Policies - Amazon Simple Storage Service AWS Glue Documentation What is Amazon API Gateway? - Amazon API Gateway
NEW QUESTION # 49
A company stores employee data in Amazon Redshift A table named Employee uses columns named Region ID, Department ID, and Role ID as a compound sort key. Which queries will MOST increase the speed of a query by using a compound sort key of the table? (Select TWO.)
Answer: B,C
Explanation:
In Amazon Redshift, a compound sort key is designed to optimize the performance of queries that use filtering and join conditions on the columns in the sort key. A compound sort key orders the data based on the first column, followed by the second, and so on. In the scenario given, the compound sort key consists of Region ID, Department ID, and Role ID. Therefore, queries that filter on the leading columns of the sort key are more likely to benefit from this order.
* Option B: "Select * from Employee where Region ID='North America' and Department ID=20;" This query will perform well because it uses both the Region ID and Department ID, which are the first two columns of the compound sort key. The order of the columns in the WHERE clause matches the order in the sort key, thus allowing the query to scan fewer rows and improve performance.
* Option C: "Select * from Employee where Department ID=20 and Region ID='North America';" This query also benefits from the compound sort key because it includes both Region ID and Department ID, which are the first two columns in the sort key. Although the order in the WHERE clause does not match exactly, Amazon Redshift will still leverage the sort key to reduce the amount of data scanned, improving query speed.
* Options A, D, and E are less optimal because they do not utilize the sort key as effectively:
* Option A only filters by the Region ID, which may still use the sort key but does not take full advantage of the compound nature.
* Option D uses only Role ID, the last column in the compound sort key, which will not benefit much from sorting since it is the third key in the sort order.
* Option E filters on Region ID and Role ID but skips the Department ID column, making it less efficient for the compound sort key.
References:
* Amazon Redshift Documentation - Sorting Data
* AWS Certified Data Analytics Study Guide
* AWS Certification - Data Engineer Associate Exam Guide
NEW QUESTION # 50
A data engineer needs to create an AWS Lambda function that converts the format of data from .csv to Apache Parquet. The Lambda function must run only if a user uploads a .csv file to an Amazon S3 bucket.
Which solution will meet these requirements with the LEAST operational overhead?
Answer: C
Explanation:
Option A is the correct answer because it meets the requirements with the least operational overhead. Creating an S3 event notification that has an event type of s3:ObjectCreated:* will trigger the Lambda function whenever a new object is created in the S3 bucket. Using a filter rule to generate notifications only when the suffix includes .csv will ensure that the Lambda function only runs for .csv files. Setting the ARN of the Lambda function as the destination for the event notification will directly invoke the Lambda function without any additional steps.
Option B is incorrect because it requires the user to tag the objects with .csv, which adds an extra step and increases the operational overhead.
Option C is incorrect because it uses an event type of s3:*, which will trigger the Lambda function for any S3 event, not just object creation. This could result in unnecessary invocations and increased costs.
Option D is incorrect because it involves creating and subscribing to an SNS topic, which adds an extra layer of complexity and operational overhead.
AWS Certified Data Engineer - Associate DEA-C01 Complete Study Guide, Chapter 3: Data Ingestion and Transformation, Section 3.2: S3 Event Notifications and Lambda Functions, Pages 67-69 Building Batch Data Analytics Solutions on AWS, Module 4: Data Transformation, Lesson 4.2: AWS Lambda, Pages 4-8 AWS Documentation Overview, AWS Lambda Developer Guide, Working with AWS Lambda Functions, Configuring Function Triggers, Using AWS Lambda with Amazon S3, Pages 1-5
NEW QUESTION # 51
Two developers are working on separate application releases. The developers have created feature branches named Branch A and Branch B by using a GitHub repository's master branch as the source.
The developer for Branch A deployed code to the production system. The code for Branch B will merge into a master branch in the following week's scheduled application release.
Which command should the developer for Branch B run before the developer raises a pull request to the master branch?
Answer: D
Explanation:
To ensure that Branch B is up to date with the latest changes in the master branch before submitting a pull request, the correct approach is to perform a git rebase. This command rewrites the commit history so that Branch B will be based on the latest changes in the master branch.
* git rebase master:
* This command moves the commits of Branch B to be based on top of the latest state of the master branch. It allows the developer to resolve any conflicts and create a clean history.
NEW QUESTION # 52
A company has used an Amazon Redshift table that is named Orders for 6 months. The company performs weekly updates and deletes on the table. The table has an interleaved sort key on a column that contains AWS Regions.
The company wants to reclaim disk space so that the company will not run out of storage space. The company also wants to analyze the sort key column.
Which Amazon Redshift command will meet these requirements?
Answer: A
Explanation:
Amazon Redshift is a fully managed, petabyte-scale data warehouse service that enables fast and cost-effective analysis of large volumes of data. Amazon Redshift uses columnar storage, compression, and zone maps to optimize the storage and performance of data. However, over time, as data is inserted, updated, or deleted, the physical storage of data can become fragmented, resulting in wasted disk space and degraded query performance. To address this issue, Amazon Redshift provides the VACUUM command, which reclaims disk space and resorts rows in either a specified table or all tables in the current schema1.
The VACUUM command has four options: FULL, DELETE ONLY, SORT ONLY, and REINDEX. The option that best meets the requirements of the question is VACUUM REINDEX, which re-sorts the rows in a table that has an interleaved sort key and rewrites the table to a new location on disk. An interleaved sort key is a type of sort key that gives equal weight to each column in the sort key, and stores the rows in a way that optimizes the performance of queries that filter by multiple columns in the sort key. However, as data is added or changed, the interleaved sort order can become skewed, resulting in suboptimal query performance. The VACUUM REINDEX option restores the optimal interleaved sort order and reclaims disk space by removing deleted rows. This option also analyzes the sort key column and updates the table statistics, which are used by the query optimizer to generate the most efficient query execution plan23.
The other options are not optimal for the following reasons:
A . VACUUM FULL Orders. This option reclaims disk space by removing deleted rows and resorts the entire table. However, this option is not suitable for tables that have an interleaved sort key, as it does not restore the optimal interleaved sort order. Moreover, this option is the most resource-intensive and time-consuming, as it rewrites the entire table to a new location on disk.
B . VACUUM DELETE ONLY Orders. This option reclaims disk space by removing deleted rows, but does not resort the table. This option is not suitable for tables that have any sort key, as it does not improve the query performance by restoring the sort order. Moreover, this option does not analyze the sort key column and update the table statistics.
D . VACUUM SORT ONLY Orders. This option resorts the entire table, but does not reclaim disk space by removing deleted rows. This option is not suitable for tables that have an interleaved sort key, as it does not restore the optimal interleaved sort order. Moreover, this option does not analyze the sort key column and update the table statistics.
Reference:
1: Amazon Redshift VACUUM
2: Amazon Redshift Interleaved Sorting
3: Amazon Redshift ANALYZE
NEW QUESTION # 53
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