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ISTQB CT-AI Exam Syllabus Topics:

Topic	Details
Topic 1	Methods and Techniques for the Testing of AI-Based Systems: In this section, the focus is on explaining how the testing of ML systems can help prevent adversarial attacks and data poisoning.
Topic 2	Test Environments for AI-Based Systems: This section is about factors that differentiate the test environments for AI-based
Topic 3	ML Functional Performance Metrics: In this section, the topics covered include how to calculate the ML functional performance metrics from a given set of confusion matrices.
Topic 4	Introduction to AI: This exam section covers topics such as the AI effect and how it influences the definition of AI. It covers how to distinguish between narrow AI, general AI, and super AI; moreover, the topics covered include describing how standards apply to AI-based systems.
Topic 5	Using AI for Testing: In this section, the exam topics cover categorizing the AI technologies used in software testing.
Topic 6	Testing AI-Based Systems Overview: In this section, focus is given to how system specifications for AI-based systems can create challenges in testing and explain automation bias and how this affects testing.
Topic 7	systems from those required for conventional systems.
Topic 8	ML: Data: This section of the exam covers explaining the activities and challenges related to data preparation. It also covers how to test datasets create an ML model and recognize how poor data quality can cause problems with the resultant ML model.
Topic 9	Machine Learning ML: This section includes the classification and regression as part of supervised learning, explaining the factors involved in the selection of ML algorithms, and demonstrating underfitting and overfitting.
Topic 10	Testing AI-Specific Quality Characteristics: In this section, the topics covered are about the challenges in testing created by the self-learning of AI-based systems.

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ISTQB Detail CT-AI Explanation Reliable IT Certifications | CT-AI: Certified Tester AI Testing Exam

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ISTQB Certified Tester AI Testing Exam Sample Questions (Q104-Q109):

NEW QUESTION # 104
There is a growing backlog of unresolved defects for your project. You know the developers have an ML model that they have created which has learned which developers work on which type of software and the speed with which they resolve issues. How could you use this model to help reduce the backlog and implement more efficient defect resolution?

A. Use it to assign defects to the best developer to resolve the problem and to load balance the defect assignments among the developers
B. Use it to determine the root cause of each defect and develop a process improvement plan that can be implemented to remove the most common root causes
C. Use it to prioritize defects automatically based on the time expected for the fix to be made, the speed of the fix, and the likelihood of regressions
D. Use it to review the code and determine where more defects are likely to occur so that testing can be targeted to those areas

Answer: A

Explanation:
The syllabus explains that ML models can be used to analyze reported defects and suggest which developers are best suited to fix them based on historical data about defect assignment and resolution speed:
"Assignment: ML models can suggest which developers are best suited to fix particular defects, based on the defect content and previous developer assignments." (Reference: ISTQB CT-AI Syllabus v1.0, Section 11.2, page 78 of 99)

NEW QUESTION # 105
Which of the following is correct regarding the layers of a deep neural network?

A. There must be a minimum of five total layers to be considered deep
B. There is only an input and output layer
C. There is at least one internal hidden layer
D. The output layer is not connected with the other layers to maintain integrity

Answer: C

Explanation:
Adeep neural network (DNN)is a type of artificial neural network that consists of multiple layers between the input and output layers. TheISTQB Certified Tester AI Testing (CT-AI) Syllabusoutlines the following characteristics of a DNN:
* Structure of a Deep Neural Network:
* ADNN comprises at least three types of layers:
* Input layer: Receives the input data.
* Hidden layers: Perform complex feature extraction and transformations.
* Output layer: Produces the final prediction or classification.
* Analysis of Answer Choices:
* A (Only input and output layers)# Incorrect, as a DNN must haveat least one hidden layer.
* B (At least one internal hidden layer)# Correct, as a neural network must havehidden layersto be considered deep.
* C (Minimum of five layers required)# Incorrect, asthere is no strict definitionthat requires at least five layers.
* D (Output layer is not connected to other layers)# Incorrect, asthe output layer must be connectedto the hidden layers.
Thus,Option B is the correct answer, asa deep neural network must have at least one hidden layer.
Certified Tester AI Testing Study Guide References:
* ISTQB CT-AI Syllabus v1.0, Section 6.1 (Neural Networks and Deep Neural Networks)
* ISTQB CT-AI Syllabus v1.0, Section 6.2 (Structure of Deep Neural Networks).

NEW QUESTION # 106
A company producing consumable goods wants to identify groups of people with similar tastes for the purpose of targeting different products for each group. You have to choose and apply an appropriate ML type for this problem.
Which ONE of the following options represents the BEST possible solution for this above- mentioned task?

A. Association
B. Clustering
C. Regression
D. Classification

Answer: B

Explanation:
Clustering is an unsupervised learning method used to group similar data points based on their features. It is ideal for identifying groups of people with similar tastes without prior knowledge of the group labels. This technique will help the company segment its customer base effectively.

NEW QUESTION # 107
Which ONE of the following models BEST describes a way to model defect prediction by looking at the history of bugs in modules by using code quality metrics of modules of historical versions as input?
SELECT ONE OPTION

A. Clustering of similar code modules to predict based on similarity.
B. Identifying the relationship between developers and the modules developed by them.
C. Using a classification model to predict the presence of a defect by using code quality metrics as the input data.
D. Search of similar code based on natural language processing.

Answer: C

Explanation:
Defect prediction models aim to identify parts of the software that are likely to contain defects by analyzing historical data and code quality metrics. The primary goal is to use this predictive information to allocate testing and maintenance resources effectively. Let's break down why option D is the correct choice:
Understanding Classification Models:
Classification models are a type of supervised learning algorithm used to categorize or classify data into predefined classes or labels. In the context of defect prediction, the classification model would classify parts of the code as either "defective" or "non-defective" based on the input features.
Input Data - Code Quality Metrics:
The input data for these classification models typically includes various code quality metrics such as cyclomatic complexity, lines of code, number of methods, depth of inheritance, coupling between objects, etc.
These metrics help the model learn patterns associated with defects.
Historical Data:
Historical versions of the code along with their defect records provide the labeled data needed for training the classification model. By analyzing this historical data, the model can learn which metrics are indicative of defects.
Why Option D is Correct:
Option D specifies using a classification model to predict the presence of defects by using code quality metrics as input data. This accurately describes the process of defect prediction using historical bug data and quality metrics.
Eliminating Other Options:
A). Identifying the relationship between developers and the modules developed by them: This does not directly involve predicting defects based on code quality metrics and historical data.
B). Search of similar code based on natural language processing: While useful for other purposes, this method does not describe defect prediction using classification models and code metrics.
C). Clustering of similar code modules to predict based on similarity: Clustering is an unsupervised learning technique and does not directly align with the supervised learning approach typically used in defect prediction models.
References:
ISTQB CT-AI Syllabus, Section 9.5, Metamorphic Testing (MT), describes various testing techniques including classification models for defect prediction.
"Using AI for Defect Prediction" (ISTQB CT-AI Syllabus, Section 11.5.1).

NEW QUESTION # 108
Which ONE of the following statements correctly describes the importance of flexibility for Al systems?
SELECT ONE OPTION

A. Al systems are inherently flexible.
B. Al systems require changing of operational environments; therefore, flexibility is required.
C. Self-learning systems are expected to deal with new situations without explicitly having to program for it.
D. Flexible Al systems allow for easier modification of the system as a whole.

Answer: D

Explanation:
Flexibility in AI systems is crucial for various reasons, particularly because it allows for easier modification and adaptation of the system as a whole.
AI systems are inherently flexible (A): This statement is not correct. While some AI systems may be designed to be flexible, they are not inherently flexible by nature. Flexibility depends on the system's design and implementation.
AI systems require changing operational environments; therefore, flexibility is required (B): While it's true that AI systems may need to operate in changing environments, this statement does not directly address the importance of flexibility for the modification of the system.
Flexible AI systems allow for easier modification of the system as a whole (C): This statement correctly describes the importance of flexibility. Being able to modify AI systems easily is critical for their maintenance, adaptation to new requirements, and improvement.
Self-learning systems are expected to deal with new situations without explicitly having to program for it (D):
This statement relates to the adaptability of self-learning systems rather than their overall flexibility for modification.
Hence, the correct answer isC. Flexible AI systems allow for easier modification of the system as a whole.
ISTQB CT-AI Syllabus Section 2.1 on Flexibility and Adaptability discusses the importance of flexibility in AI systems and how it enables easier modification and adaptability to new situations.
Sample Exam Questions document, Question #30 highlights the importance of flexibility in AI systems.

NEW QUESTION # 109
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