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問題 #56
Review the following incident report:
Attackers leveraged a phishing email campaign targeting your employees.
The email likely impersonated a trusted source, such as the IT department, and requested login credentials.
An unsuspecting employee clicked a malicious link in the email, leading to the download and execution of a Remote Access Trojan (RAT).
The RAT provided the attackers with remote access and a foothold in the compromised system.
Which two MITRE ATT&CK tactics does this incident report capture? (Choose two.)
答案：B,D
解題說明：
* Understanding the MITRE ATT&CK Tactics:
* The MITRE ATT&CK framework categorizes various tactics and techniques used by adversaries to achieve their objectives.
* Tactics represent the objectives of an attack, while techniques represent how those objectives are achieved.
* Analyzing the Incident Report:
* Phishing Email Campaign:This tactic is commonly used for gaining initial access to a system.
* Malicious Link and RAT Download:Clicking a malicious link and downloading a RAT is indicative of establishing initial access.
* Remote Access Trojan (RAT):Once installed, the RAT allows attackers to maintain access over an extended period, which is a persistence tactic.
* Mapping to MITRE ATT&CK Tactics:
* Initial Access:
* This tactic covers techniques used to gain an initial foothold within a network.
* Techniques include phishing and exploiting external remote services.
* The phishing campaign and malicious link click fit this category.
* Persistence:
* This tactic includes methods that adversaries use to maintain their foothold.
* Techniques include installing malware that can survive reboots and persist on the system.
* The RAT provides persistent remote access, fitting this tactic.
* Exclusions:
* Defense Evasion:
* This involves techniques to avoid detection and evade defenses.
* While potentially relevant in a broader context, the incident report does not specifically describe actions taken to evade defenses.
* Lateral Movement:
* This involves moving through the network to other systems.
* The report does not indicate actions beyond initial access and maintaining that access.
Conclusion:
* The incident report captures the tactics ofInitial AccessandPersistence.
References:
MITRE ATT&CK Framework documentation on Initial Access and Persistence tactics.
Incident analysis and mapping to MITRE ATT&CK tactics.
問題 #57
Refer to the exhibit,
which shows the partial output of the MITRE ATT&CK Enterprise matrix on FortiAnalyzer.
Which two statements are true? (Choose two.)
答案：A,D
解題說明：
* Understanding the MITRE ATT&CK Matrix:
* The MITRE ATT&CK framework is a knowledge base of adversary tactics and techniques based on real-world observations.
* Each tactic in the matrix represents the "why" of an attack technique, while each technique represents "how" an adversary achieves a tactic.
* Analyzing the Provided Exhibit:
* The exhibit shows part of the MITRE ATT&CK Enterprise matrix as displayed on FortiAnalyzer.
* The focus is on technique T1071 (Application Layer Protocol), which has subtechniques labeled T1071.001, T1071.002, T1071.003, and T1071.004.
* Each subtechnique specifies a different type of application layer protocol used for Command and Control (C2):
* T1071.001 Web Protocols
* T1071.002 File Transfer Protocols
* T1071.003 Mail Protocols
* T1071.004 DNS
* Identifying Key Points:
* Subtechniques under T1071:There are four subtechniques listed under the primary technique T1071, confirming that statement B is true.
* Event Handlers for T1071:FortiAnalyzer includes event handlers for monitoring various tactics and techniques. The presence of event handlers for tactic T1071 suggests active monitoring and alerting for these specific subtechniques, confirming that statement C is true.
* Misconceptions Clarified:
* Statement A (four techniques under tactic T1071) is incorrect because T1071 is a single technique with four subtechniques.
* Statement D (15 events associated with the tactic) is misleading. The number 15 refers to the techniques under the Application Layer Protocol, not directly related to the number of events.
Conclusion:
* The accurate interpretation of the exhibit confirms that there are four subtechniques under technique T1071 and that there are event handlers covering tactic T1071.
References:
MITRE ATT&CK Framework documentation.
FortiAnalyzer Event Handling and MITRE ATT&CK Integration guides.
問題 #58
Which three end user logs does FortiAnalyzer use to identify possible IOC compromised hosts? (Choose three answers)
答案：A,B,D
解題說明：
Comprehensive and Detailed Explanation From FortiSOAR 7.6., FortiSIEM 7.3 Exact Extract study guide:
In the context of the Fortinet Security Fabric,FortiAnalyzerperforms Indicator of Compromise (IOC) detection by correlating various security logs against a threat intelligence database.3The IOC engine specifically analyzes the following logs of each end user to identify potentially compromised hosts:
* Web Filter Logs (A):The engine parses web filtering logs to identify access attempts to blacklisted URLs, malicious domains, or IPs associated with known malware distribution sites.4If a match is found in the threat database, the host is flagged as compromised.
* DNS Filter Logs (C):DNS requests are a primary indicator of a compromise. The engine monitors these logs for queries directed at known Command and Control (C2) servers or domains generated by Domain Generation Algorithms (DGA).5
* IPS Logs (E):Intrusion Prevention System (IPS) logs provide critical data on signature matches for known attacks. In newer Security Operations (SOC) curricula, IPS logs are used alongside Web and DNS logs to provide a high-fidelity assessment of whether a host is currently infected and attempting to communicate with an external threat actor.
Why other options are incorrect:
* Email Filter Logs (B):While important for detecting phishing attempts (Initial Access), email logs are generally used for content filtering and antispam rather than being a primary source for the IOC engine's behavioral "calling home" detection in the FortiAnalyzer Compromised Hosts view.
* Application Filter Logs (D):Application control logs provide visibility into software usage but are less commonly used by the core IOC engine for identifying blacklisted network destinations compared to Web and DNS filtering.
問題 #59
Refer to the exhibit,
which shows the partial output of the MITRE ATT & CK Enterprise matrix on FortiAnalyzer.
Which two statements are true? (Choose two.)
答案：A,D
解題說明：
Understanding the MITRE ATT & CK Matrix:
The MITRE ATT & CK framework is a knowledge base of adversary tactics and techniques based on real- world observations.
Each tactic in the matrix represents the " why " of an attack technique, while each technique represents " how
" an adversary achieves a tactic.
Analyzing the Provided Exhibit:
The exhibit shows part of the MITRE ATT & CK Enterprise matrix as displayed on FortiAnalyzer.
The focus is on technique T1071 (Application Layer Protocol), which has subtechniques labeled T1071.001, T1071.002, T1071.003, and T1071.004.
Each subtechnique specifies a different type of application layer protocol used for Command and Control (C2):
T1071.001 Web Protocols
T1071.002 File Transfer Protocols
T1071.003 Mail Protocols
T1071.004 DNS
Identifying Key Points:
Subtechniques under T1071: There are four subtechniques listed under the primary technique T1071, confirming that statement B is true.
Event Handlers for T1071: FortiAnalyzer includes event handlers for monitoring various tactics and techniques. The presence of event handlers for tactic T1071 suggests active monitoring and alerting for these specific subtechniques, confirming that statement C is true.
Misconceptions Clarified:
Statement A (four techniques under tactic T1071) is incorrect because T1071 is a single technique with four subtechniques.
Statement D (15 events associated with the tactic) is misleading. The number 15 refers to the techniques under the Application Layer Protocol, not directly related to the number of events.
Conclusion:
The accurate interpretation of the exhibit confirms that there are four subtechniques under technique T1071 and that there are event handlers covering tactic T1071.
References:
MITRE ATT & CK Framework documentation.
FortiAnalyzer Event Handling and MITRE ATT & CK Integration guides.
問題 #60
According to the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) cybersecurity framework, incident handling activities can be divided into phases.
In which incident handling phase do you quarantine a compromised host in order to prevent an adversary from using it as a stepping stone to the next phase of an attack?
答案：A
解題說明：
* NIST Cybersecurity Framework Overview:
* The NIST Cybersecurity Framework provides a structured approach for managing and mitigating cybersecurity risks. Incident handling is divided into several phases to systematically address and resolve incidents.
* Incident Handling Phases:
* Preparation: Establishing and maintaining an incident response capability.
* Detection and Analysis: Identifying and investigating suspicious activities to confirm an incident.
* Containment, Eradication, and Recovery:
* Containment: Limiting the impact of the incident.
* Eradication: Removing the root cause of the incident.
* Recovery: Restoring systems to normal operation.
* Containment Phase:
* The primary goal of the containment phase is to prevent the incident from spreading and causing further damage.
* Quarantining a Compromised Host:
* Quarantining involves isolating the compromised host from the rest of the network to prevent adversaries from moving laterally and causing more harm.
* Techniques include network segmentation, disabling network interfaces, and applying access controls.
Reference: NIST Special Publication 800-61, "Computer Security Incident Handling Guide"NIST Incident Handling Detailed Process:
Step 1: Detect the compromised host through monitoring and analysis.
Step 2: Assess the impact and scope of the compromise.
Step 3: Quarantine the compromised host to prevent further spread. This can involve disconnecting the host from the network or applying strict network segmentation.
Step 4: Document the containment actions and proceed to the eradication phase to remove the threat completely.
Step 5: After eradication, initiate the recovery phase to restore normal operations and ensure that the host is securely reintegrated into the network.
Importance of Containment:
Containment is critical in mitigating the immediate impact of an incident and preventing further damage. It buys time for responders to investigate and remediate the threat effectively.
Reference: SANS Institute, "Incident Handler's Handbook" SANS Incident Handling References:
NIST Special Publication 800-61, "Computer Security Incident Handling Guide" SANS Institute, "Incident Handler's Handbook" By quarantining a compromised host during the containment phase, organizations can effectively limit the spread of the incident and protect their network from further compromise.
問題 #61
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