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| Section | Weight | Objectives |
|---|---|---|
| Services & Networking | 20% | - Services (ClusterIP, NodePort, LoadBalancer) - Ingress configuration - Network policies |
| Troubleshooting | 30% | - Cluster component troubleshooting - Application and networking debugging |
| Cluster Architecture, Installation & Configuration | 25% | - High availability setup - Kubernetes architecture components - Cluster installation and configuration |
| Storage | 10% | - PersistentVolumes and PersistentVolumeClaims - Storage classes |
| Workloads & Scheduling | 15% | - Scheduling constraints - ConfigMaps and Secrets - Deployments and rolling updates |
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NEW QUESTION # 21
Create a redis pod named "test-redis" and exec into that pod and create a file named "test-file.txt" with the text 'This is called the test file' in the path /data/redis and open another tab and exec again with the same pod and verifies file exist in the same path.
Answer: A
NEW QUESTION # 22
Create 2 nginx image pods in which one of them is labelled with env=prod and another one labelled with env=dev and verify the same.
Answer:
Explanation:
kubectl run --generator=run-pod/v1 --image=nginx -- labels=env=prod nginx-prod --dry-run -o yaml > nginx- prodpod.yaml Now, edit nginx-prod-pod.yaml file and remove entries like "creationTimestamp: null"
"dnsPolicy: ClusterFirst"
vim nginx-prod-pod.yaml
apiVersion: v1
kind: Pod
metadata:
labels:
env: prod
name: nginx-prod
spec:
containers:
- image: nginx
name: nginx-prod
restartPolicy: Always
# kubectl create -f nginx-prod-pod.yaml
kubectl run --generator=run-pod/v1 --image=nginx --
labels=env=dev nginx-dev --dry-run -o yaml > nginx-dev-pod.yaml
apiVersion: v1
kind: Pod
metadata:
labels:
env: dev
name: nginx-dev
spec:
containers:
- image: nginx
name: nginx-dev
restartPolicy: Always
# kubectl create -f nginx-prod-dev.yaml
Verify :
kubectl get po --show-labels
kubectl get po -l env=prod
kubectl get po -l env=dev
NEW QUESTION # 23
Your Kubernetes cluster is experiencing slow deployments, and you suspect that the image pull process is causing the bottleneck. You need to investigate the image pull performance and optimize it to speed up deployments.
Answer:
Explanation:
See the solution below with Step by Step Explanation.
Explanation:
Solution (Step by Step) :
1. Identify the Slow Deployments:
- Monitor the deployment progress for recent deployments using 'kubectl rollout status deployment '
- Identify the deployments that are experiencing slow image pulls.
2. Examine Deployment Logs:
- Check the deployment logs for messages related to image pulling.
- You can view logs using 'kubectl logs -f.
- Look for messages like "Pulling image" and "Image pull timed out" to identify pods that are experiencing slow image pulls.
3. Check Image Registry Connectivity:
- Verify that the pods can connect to the image registry:
- Run 'kubectl exec -it -n bash' to enter a pod in the deployment.
- Use 'ping to check network connectivity to the image registry.
- If connectivity is an issue, resolve any network problems between the pods and the image registry.
4. Verify Image Registry Credentials:
- Ensure the pods have the correct credentials to access the image registry.
- Check if the credentials are stored in a secret and mounted into the pod's service account.
- If necessary, create a new secret with the correct credentials for the image registry.
5. Optimize Image Pull Policy:
- Set the 'imagePullPolicy' to 'Always' in the deployment YAML:
- This ensures that the pods always pull the latest image from the registry, avoiding potential caching issues.
7. Optimize Network Bandwidth: - Ensure sufficient network bandwidth is available for image pulls: - Check the network connection between the nodes and the image registry. - Consider using a dedicated network connection for image pulls if possible. 8. Use Image Caching: - Enable image caching on the nodes to reduce image pull times: - Many container registries offer image caching features. - Configure the image cache to store frequently used images locally on the nodes. 9. Monitor Deployment Performance: - After making changes to the deployment configuration, monitor the performance of deployments: - Check the deployment logs and use 'kubectl rollout status deployment to verify that deployments are completing faster. 10. Consider Alternative Approaches: - If the image pull performance remains slow, consider these alternative approaches: - Pre-pull images: Download the required images to a local image repository before deployment. - Use image-based deployments: Deploy container images directly instead of using a deployment. - Employ a dedicated image puller: Use a separate container or service to handle image pulls.,
NEW QUESTION # 24
Score: 7%
Task
Reconfigure the existing deployment front-end and add a port specification named http exposing port 80/tcp of the existing container nginx.
Create a new service named front-end-svc exposing the container port http.
Configure the new service to also expose the individual Pods via a NodePort on the nodes on which they are scheduled.
Answer:
Explanation:
See the solution below.
Explanation
Solution:
kubectl get deploy front-end
kubectl edit deploy front-end -o yaml
#port specification named http
#service.yaml
apiVersion: v1
kind: Service
metadata:
name: front-end-svc
labels:
app: nginx
spec:
ports:
- port: 80
protocol: tcp
name: http
selector:
app: nginx
type: NodePort
# kubectl create -f service.yaml
# kubectl get svc
# port specification named http
kubectl expose deployment front-end --name=front-end-svc --port=80 --tarport=80 --type=NodePort
NEW QUESTION # 25
Check nodes which are ready and print it to a file /opt/nodestatus
Answer: A
NEW QUESTION # 26
......
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