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PECB ISO-45001-Lead-Auditor 認定試験の出題範囲：

トピック	出題範囲
トピック 1	Domain 4: Preparing for an ISO 45001 audit: This section of the exam measures the skills of Audit Consultants and covers the preparation process for conducting an ISO 45001 audit. It emphasizes planning, resource allocation, and establishing audit objectives to ensure a thorough evaluation.
トピック 2	Fundamental audit concepts and principles: This section of the exam measures the skills of Internal Auditors and covers the basic concepts and principles related to auditing an OHSMS. It focuses on understanding audit types, methodologies, and the role of audits in compliance and improvement. One skill to be measured is conducting effective audits to assess OHSMS performance.
トピック 3	Closing an ISO 45001 audit: This section of the exam measures the skills of Audit Consultants and covers the procedures for concluding an ISO 45001 audit. It emphasizes reporting results, discussing findings with stakeholders, and ensuring follow-up actions are planned.

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PECB Certified ISO 45001 Lead Auditor Exam 認定 ISO-45001-Lead-Auditor 試験問題 (Q64-Q69):

質問 # 64
ISO 45001 requires the organisation to retain OHSMS documented information. From the following list of documented information, which four examples must be retained by the organisation?

A. Results of management review
B. Results of compliance evaluation
C. The relevant requirements of workers
D. Assigned responsibilities and authorities
E. Effectiveness of corrective actions
F. Workers ' current level of competency
G. Risks and opportunities
H. OH and $ Policy

正解：A、B、E、H

解説：
Analysis of Options:
* A. Results of management review: Correct. Clause 9.3 requires retention of management review results as documented information.
* B. Risks and opportunities: Incorrect. Risks and opportunities must be considered and managed, but retaining this as documented information is not mandatory.
* C. Results of compliance evaluation: Correct. Clause 9.1.2 requires retention of compliance evaluation results.
* D. Workers ' current level of competency: Incorrect. Competency must be ensured, but retaining specific competency records is not explicitly required.
* E. Assigned responsibilities and authorities: Incorrect. These must be defined and communicated but are not required to be retained as documented information.
* F. The relevant requirements of workers: Incorrect. Relevant worker requirements must be considered but not retained as documented information.
* G. Effectiveness of corrective actions: Correct. Clause 10.2 requires retention of evidence of corrective actions taken.
* H. OH and S Policy: Correct. Clause 5.2 requires the OH and S policy to be maintained as documented information.
ISO References:
* Clause 5.2: OH and S policy.
* Clause 9.1.2: Compliance evaluation.
* Clause 9.3: Management review.
* Clause 10.2: Corrective actions.

質問 # 65
A multi-level shopping centre is open every day to the public from 09:00-21:00. During an external audit of the centre to ISO 45001, you establish that there are 120 retail outlets. There are eight escalators to all levels and four sets of elevators. When asked about safety performance improvement objectives, the Centre Manager says that there are plans to reduce the number of reported incidents and complaints.
You: I note from the incident log that reported incidents have increased in the past year. Why is this?
Centre Manager: The number of shoppers coming into the centre has increased by about 10 per cent in the last year. More people around means that more things will happen.
You: What actions have been taken to deal with this increase?
Centre Manager: We conducted awareness training for staff. For example, making sure that any hazardous areas are well signed.
You: I see that the escalators account for a number of accidents. Have you taken any actions to try and reduce this?
Centre Manager: Most of these accidents are caused by people failing to take care at the ends. So, the answer is no, it is difficult to do anything about that.
You: How do you monitor safety in the centre?
Centre Manager: We train our staff to be alert to potential safety problems when walking around the centre.
We empower them to take whatever action is necessary.
Which four actions should you take to investigate the situation further?

A. Review the identified hazards of the centre to find out if they include hazards associated with escalators.
B. Ask whether the organisation has a zero-incident policy for the centre.
C. Interview top management to assess their knowledge of ISO 45001.
D. Ask the Human Resources department about the qualifications of the Centre Manager.
E. Check whether every incident has been investigated to determine the cause.
F. Determine whether OH and S performance measurement is analysed by linking the number of shoppers using the centre during different periods.
G. Find out what training in safety awareness has been given to all staff.
H. Determine whether the retail outlets are certified to ISO 45001.

正解：A、E、F、G

解説：
These four actions develop meaningful audit trails from the evidence already obtained. Reviewing safety- awareness training tests whether the organisation ' s claimed control is competently implemented. Comparing incident data with shopper numbers provides a meaningful performance measure rather than relying on raw incident totals, consistent with Clause 9.1.1. Reviewing hazard identification specifically for escalators evaluates conformity with Clause 6.1.2, because recurring escalator incidents indicate a hazard requiring systematic consideration. Finally, checking incident investigations tests Clause 10.2 requirements to react to incidents, determine causes and identify corrective actions necessary to prevent recurrence. A zero-incident policy is not an ISO 45001 requirement, retail tenants do not have to be independently certified, and questioning top management ' s knowledge of the standard would not directly investigate the observed incident trend. The Centre Manager ' s qualifications are similarly secondary to evaluating actual system effectiveness.

質問 # 66
You, as audit team leader, have been approached by an auditor in training asking for your advice. They have been instructed to audit a process for recycling glass bottles that involves workers throwing old bottles at a wall before sweeping up the residue into baskets. They have asked to see the criteria (in this case work instructions) relating to this process and find that workers are following the instructions given. The auditor in training, however, considers the process to be dangerous and wants to raise a nonconformity against clause
8.1.1.
How would you react? Select four.

A. Invite the auditor in training to take part in breaking bottles to determine if the process really is dangerous or not. Providing they are not hurt, take no additional action.
B. Ask the auditor in training to consult the auditee before raising a nonconformity.
C. Stop the process immediately due to the danger of broken glass to the employees identified by the auditor in training.
D. Advise the auditor in training that they cannot raise a nonconformity against 8.1.1 as there is no evidence that the planned and implemented process is not effectively handling waste safely.
E. Support the auditor in training's decision to raise a nonconformity against 8.1.1 as you share their view that the process is dangerous.
F. Ask top management if they have considered an alternative way of working more safely with broken glass.
G. Advise the auditor in training to focus on hazard identification and any subsequent assessment of OH and S risks prior to making a determination.
H. Ask the workers if they have been consulted as to how safe they believe the activity is and whether they have ever been injured.

正解：D、F、G、H

解説：
An auditor must base findings on objective evidence and applicable criteria rather than personal opinion about whether a process appears dangerous. C correctly redirects the audit trail toward Clause 6.1.2 hazard identification and assessment of OH and S risks. H obtains relevant evidence from workers and tests consultation and participation as well as incident experience. B explores whether safer alternatives and the hierarchy of controls have been considered. F is important because conformity with Clause 8.1.1 cannot be rejected merely because the auditor dislikes the prescribed method; evidence must demonstrate that operational planning and control are inadequate or ineffective before a nonconformity can be justified. The auditor should not personally participate in the hazardous task, stop the process without appropriate authority, or raise a finding solely on subjective judgement. Auditors gather and evaluate evidence; management remains responsible for determining and implementing operational controls.

質問 # 67
For the purpose of operating an ISO 45001-based Occupational Health and Safety Management System, which two of the following are relevant requirements of a relevant interested party?

A. Top management requiring an annual bonus.
B. Shareholders requiring guaranteed dividend payments.
C. Workers requiring a safe environment in which to work.
D. Subcontractor producing products and services that minimise the risk of harm.
E. Investors requiring maximum growth in return for their capital.
F. Competitors requiring information on the organisation ' s work environment.

正解：C、D

解説：
ISO 45001 Clause 4.2 requires the organization to determine the relevant interested parties , their relevant needs and expectations (requirements) , and which of those become legal or other requirements for the OH and S management system. Workers are explicitly central to ISO 45001, and the standard is aimed at providing safe and healthy workplaces and preventing work-related injury and ill health. Therefore, A.
Workers requiring a safe environment in which to work is clearly a relevant requirement of a relevant interested party.
ISO 45001 Annex A.4.2 lists suppliers, contractors and subcontractors among examples of interested parties. Since externally provided products and services can affect OH and S performance, a requirement linked to minimizing the risk of harm in those products and services is relevant to the OH and S management system. That is why B. Subcontractor producing products and services that minimise the risk of harm is also relevant. It aligns with the standard's treatment of contractors/subcontractors as interested parties and with operational control over externally provided products and services that can affect OH and S.
Why the others are not correct:
* C. Competitors requiring information on the organisation ' s work environment is not a relevant OH and S requirement.
* D. Top management requiring an annual bonus is a financial/personal issue, not an OH and S interested-party requirement.
* E. Investors requiring maximum growth in return for their capital is a business expectation, but not a relevant OH and S requirement in this context.
* F. Shareholders requiring guaranteed dividend payments is also financial and not relevant to the OH and S management system, even though shareholders may be interested parties in a broader business sense. ISO 45001 requires only the needs and expectations that are relevant to the OH and SMS to be determined.

質問 # 68
You are auditing clause 4.1 (Context of the organisation) with a member of the organisation ' s top management. You ask them for examples of external issues the OHSMS is currently facing.
Which three of their responses would you accept as valid examples of such issues?

A. New health and safety legislation was implemented in our sector last month and we are all struggling to work out how best to comply with the new regulations.
B. We have to use outdated safety equipment as replacing it would require expensive retraining of the workers.
C. I accept our health and safety procedures have not been revised for 12 months now. We just keep pushing the review further and further down the ' to do ' list.
D. The training department have decided to use their budget on customer service training in preference to health and safety training.
E. We are struggling to appoint an OH and S manager as the salary we can offer is not competitive in today ' s market.
F. The Government has just launched an initiative to provide research and development grants to organisations like ours.
G. The worker OH and S suggestion scheme has been temporarily suspended after some inappropriate comments were made by staff.
H. Our top management are demanding monthly health and safety performance reports ever since the fatal accident in warehouse C last year.

正解：A、E、F

質問 # 69
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