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| Section | Objectives |
|---|---|
| Topic 1: OSPF and IS-IS Routing Protocols | - IS-IS operation in service provider networks
|
| Topic 2: Troubleshooting and Operations | - Performance and monitoring
|
| Topic 3: MPLS and Service Provider Technologies | - VPN services
|
| Topic 4: Service Provider Architecture & Junos Fundamentals | - Junos OS routing fundamentals
|
| Topic 5: BGP and Routing Policy | - BGP fundamentals
|
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NEW QUESTION # 117
Which two statements are correct about BGP? (Choose two.)
Answer: A,D
NEW QUESTION # 118
Exhibit:
user@R1> show route 10.16.2.0/23 exact detail
inet.0: 12 destinations, 12 routes (11 active, 0 holddown, 1 hidden)
10.16.2.0/23 (1 entry, 1 announced)
*Aggregate Preference: 130
Next hop type: Reject
Address: 0x8f3fd44
Next-hop reference count: 2
State: <Active Int Ext>
Age: 1:39:21
Task: Aggregate
Announcement bits (1): 0-KRT
AS path: I (LocalAgg)
Flags: Depth: 0 Active
AS path list:
AS path: I Refcount: 2
Contributing Routes (2):
10.16.2.0/24 proto Direct
10.16.3.0/24 proto Direct
Which destination IP address will be matched by the aggregate route shown in the exhibit?
Answer: D
Explanation:
In the Juniper Networks Junos operating system,aggregate routesare used to represent a group of more specific routes with a single, shorter prefix. This technique is essential for reducing the size of routing tables and minimizing the volume of routing updates sent to neighbors. According to Juniper technical documentation, for a destination IP address to "match" a specific route, it must fall within the range defined by the network address and its associated CIDR mask.
The provided exhibit shows a detailed lookup for the aggregate route$10.16.2.0/23$. To determine the range of IP addresses covered by a $/23$ mask, we examine the binary representation of the third octet. A $/23$ mask means the first 23 bits are fixed. For the address $10.16.2.0$:
* The first two octets ($10.16$) are fixed.
* The third octet ($2$) is $00000010$ in binary.
* The 23rd bit is the second-to-last bit of this octet.
* The $/23$ range allows the 24th bit (the last bit of the third octet) and all 8 bits of the fourth octet to vary.
This results in a range where the third octet can be either $2$ ($00000010$) or $3$ ($00000011$). Therefore, the aggregate route $10.16.2.0/23$ covers all IP addresses from$10.16.2.0$ to $10.16.3.255$. The exhibit further confirms this by listing the "Contributing Routes": $10.16.2.0/24$ and $10.16.3.0/24$.
Analyzing the provided options against this range:
* 10.16.3.79 (Option A):This address falls squarely within the $10.16.2.0$ to $10.16.3.255$ range.
* 10.16.0.4 (Option B):This address falls in the $10.16.0.0/23$ range ($0.0$ to $1.255$).
* 10.16.4.183 (Option C):This address falls in the $10.16.4.0/23$ range ($4.0$ to $5.255$).
* 10.16.1.214 (Option D):This address also falls in the $10.16.0.0/23$ range.
Consequently,10.16.3.79is the only destination listed that matches the aggregate route shown. It is also important to note theNext hop type: Rejectin the exhibit; this means that if a packet matches the aggregate but does not match any of the more specific contributing routes, the router will drop the packet and send an ICMP unreachable message to the source.
NEW QUESTION # 119
What are two bridging concepts that are used to maintain an Ethernet switching table? (Choose two.)
Answer: C,D
Explanation:
In Ethernet switching, learning and aging are two fundamental concepts for maintaining a dynamic Ethernet switching table (also known as a MAC address table). Learning is the process by which switches listen for frames and learn the MAC addresses by associating them with the incoming port. Aging is the mechanism that ensures the switch updates its table by removing MAC addresses that have not been seen for a certain amount of time (aging time).
NEW QUESTION # 120
You are using EBGP to connect to two upstream peers in the same AS. You want to make one of the links less preferred for traffic entering your network from the peer's AS. Which feature should you use to achieve this goal?
Answer: A
Explanation:
In the world of BGP, controllinginbound traffic(traffic entering your network) is significantly more challenging than controlling outbound traffic because it requires influencing a decision made by an external Autonomous System (AS). According to Juniper Networks documentation, when you have multiple links to the same AS or even different ASes, the BGP path selection process is used by the upstream neighbor to decide which path to take to reach your prefixes.
AS-Path Prependingis the standard technique used to make a path appear less attractive to external peers. By artificially lengthening the AS_PATH attribute on the BGP advertisements sent over a specific link, you exploit the BGP best-path algorithm rule that prefers a shorter AS path. When you prepend your own AS number multiple times to the update sent to the "less preferred" peer, that peer's BGP routers will see a longer path compared to the alternative link and will naturally prefer the shorter, unprepended route.
It is important to distinguish why other options are incorrect for this specific goal:
* Local Preference (Option D):This is a well-known discretionary attribute used to influenceoutbound traffic. It is not advertised to EBGP peers; therefore, your upstream neighbor cannot see your local preference settings.
* Origin Code (Option B):While the origin code (IGP, EGP, or Incomplete) is a tie-breaker in the selection process, it is rarely used for traffic engineering and lacks the granular control provided by prepending.
* Route Reflector (Option A):This is an Internal BGP (IBGP) scaling mechanism used to reduce the need for a full mesh of peers within an AS; it does not directly influence external path selection by an upstream provider.
Junos OS allows you to easily implement prepending viarouting policiesapplied as an "export" policy to the EBGP neighbor. By using the as-path-prepend action within a policy term, you can selectively degrade a path's attractiveness to manage your inbound bandwidth.
NEW QUESTION # 121
Click the Exhibit button. Referring to the exhibit, why is the ge-0/0/0.0 interface shown as belonging to Level 3?
Answer: B
Explanation:
In Junos IS-IS output, Level 3 indicates that the adjacency is operating for both Level 1 and Level
2. This shorthand appears for point-to-point interfaces where a single adjacency can simultaneously support both IS-IS levels between the routers.
NEW QUESTION # 122
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