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11. Frage
Which of the following acts was passed by the U.S. Congress in 2002 to protect investors from the possibility of fraudulent accounting activities by corporations?
Antwort: D
Begründung:
TheSarbanes-Oxley Act (SOX)was enacted by the U.S. Congress in2002in response to major corporate accounting scandals and was specifically designed toprotect investorsby improving the accuracy, reliability, and integrity of corporate disclosures and financial reporting. SOX strengthens governance and accountability by requiring executive management (notably the CEO and CFO) to certify the correctness of financial statements and by mandating stronger internal controls over financial reporting. From a digital forensics and compliance perspective, SOX is closely tied to the need for reliableaudit trails, properrecords retention, and demonstrable control over systems that store or process financial data. Investigators frequently rely on SOX- driven logging, access controls, and change management records to determine who accessed financial systems, what changes were made, and whether those actions align with authorized procedures.
The other options do not match the question's purpose or jurisdiction: theElectronic Communications Privacy Actaddresses interception and access to electronic communications,GDPRis an EU data protection regulation (not a 2002 U.S. act focused on investor protection), and "Information Privacy Act 2014" is not the 2002 U.S.
corporate anti-fraud legislation. Therefore, the correct answer isSarbanes-Oxley Act (SOX) (C).
12. Frage
Bob, a security specialist at an organization, extracted the following IIS log from a Windows-based server:
"2019-12-12
06:11:41 192.168.0.10 GET /images/content/bg_body1.jpg - 80 - 192.168.0.27 Mozilla/5.0+(Windows+NT+6.
3;+WOW64)+AppleWebKit/537.36+(KHTML,+like+Gecko)+Chrome/48.0.2564.103+Safari/537.36
http://www.moviescope.com/css/style.css 200 0 0 365"
Identify the element in the above IIS log entry that indicates the request was fulfilled without error.
Antwort: C
Begründung:
In Microsoft IIS (W3C Extended) logging, each request line records multiple standardized fields that help investigators reconstruct what was accessed, by whom, and with what outcome. Among these fields, the most direct indicator of whether the server successfully handled the request is theHTTP status codecaptured in thesc-statusfield. A status code of200means"OK", indicating the server located the requested resource (here,
/images/content/bg_body1.jpg) and returned it successfully to the client without application-level failure.
Other numbers in the entry represent different attributes:80is the server port used for the HTTP request,
192values appear as part of IP addressing (client/server addresses), and537is embedded in the user-agent string (AppleWebKit build number), not a success indicator. IIS often logs additional substatus and Win32 status values (e.g.,sc-substatusandsc-win32-status) to refine the outcome; in the shown line, those follow the
200 as "200 0 0 ...", reinforcing that no substatus error or OS-level error occurred. Therefore,200is the element confirming the request was fulfilled without error.
13. Frage
John, a forensic officer, was working on a criminal case. He employed imaging software to create a copy of data from the suspect device on a storage medium for further investigation. For developing an image of the original data, John used a software application that does not allow an unauthorized user to alter the image content on storage media, thereby retaining an unaltered image copy.
Identify the data acquisition step performed by John in the above scenario.
Antwort: A
Begründung:
The scenario emphasizes that John used an application (or mechanism) thatprevents alteration of the acquired image content, ensuring the image remainsunalteredand protected from unauthorized modification. In forensic acquisition standards, this corresponds toenabling write protectionduring imaging-commonly implemented using awrite blocker(hardware or controlled software write-protection) to prevent any writes to the source evidence and, where applicable, to protect the integrity of the evidence copy from accidental or unauthorized changes. The purpose is to preserve evidential integrity by ensuring that neither the original media nor the forensic image is modified during handling, analysis preparation, or transfer.
"Validated data acquisition" refers to confirming the image is an exact duplicate, typically by computing and comparing cryptographic hashes (e.g., MD5/SHA) of the source and the acquired image. While validation is essential, the question specifically highlightspreventing alteration, not verifying equality. "Sanitized the target media" is the step of wiping/clearing the destination drive before acquisition to avoid contamination, which is not what is described. "Planned for contingency" relates to operational planning for unexpected issues (equipment failure, encryption, power loss), not integrity protection. Therefore, the best match isEnabled write protection on the evidence media (A).
14. Frage
Which of the following standards and criteria version of SWGDE mandates that any action with the potential to alter, damage, or destroy any aspect of original evidence must be performed by qualified persons in a forensically sound manner?
Antwort: A
Begründung:
The statement in the question matchesSWGDE Principle 1, Standards and Criteria 1.7, which explicitly requires thatany action that could alter, damage, or destroy original digital evidence must be performed by qualified personnel in a forensically sound manner. In digital forensics doctrine, this requirement exists because digital evidence is highly fragile: routine interactions (booting a system, opening a file, connecting storage, running commands) can change timestamps, overwrite unallocated space, modify logs, or trigger encryption/key rotation. SWGDE's emphasis on "qualified persons" and "forensically sound manner" aligns with core evidentiary expectations: minimizing changes to original media, using controlled and repeatable methods (e.g., write-blocking, validated imaging, documented procedures), and ensuring actions are defensible under scrutiny.
Options 1.1, 1.3, and 1.5 relate to broader quality and procedural requirements (quality systems, SOP review, appropriate tools), but they do not contain the specific mandate about potentially altering original evidence.
The exact phrasing about alteration/damage/destruction and qualified handling is associated withStandards and Criteria 1.7, makingBthe correct choice.
15. Frage
Michael, a forensic expert, was assigned to investigate an incident that involved unauthorized intrusion attempts. In this process, Michael identified all the open ports on a system and disabled them because these open ports can allow attackers to install malicious services and compromise the security of the system or network.
Which of the following commands assisted Michael in identifying open ports in the above scenario?
Antwort: B
Begründung:
To identifyopen ports, investigators need a method that actively checks which TCP/UDP ports on a host are accepting connections. The commandnmap -sT localhostperforms aTCP Connect scanagainst the local system. In a connect scan, Nmap uses the operating system's normal networking API to attempt a full TCP three-way handshake to each targeted port. If the handshake completes, the port is reported asopen; if it is refused, it isclosed; and if filtered by firewall rules, it may appearfiltered. This directly supports Michael's objective of enumerating open ports so they can be reviewed and disabled to reduce the attack surface and prevent malicious services from being installed.
The other options do not enumerate open ports in the same way.netstat -ishows interface-level statistics (packets, errors) rather than listing listening services.netstat -rndisplays the routing table (routes and gateways), which helps understand network paths but not which ports are open.ifconfig <interface> -promisc relates to enabling/disabling promiscuous mode on an interface for packet capture, not port discovery.
Therefore, the command that assisted in identifying open ports isnmap -sT localhost (C).
16. Frage
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