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| Section | Weight | Objectives |
|---|---|---|
| Secondary Assessment | 5–9% | - Focused history and physical exam - Symptom assessment and history taking - Vital signs and monitoring |
| Scene Size-Up and Safety | 15–19% | - Mechanism of injury / nature of illness - Hazard recognition and management - Scene assessment and safety protocols |
| Patient Treatment and Transport | 20–24% | - Communication with receiving facilities - Medication administration and protocols - Medical and trauma care interventions - Patient packaging and transport procedures |
| Primary Assessment | 39–43% | - General patient impression and priority determination - Identification and management of life-threatening conditions - Airway, breathing, and circulation management - Initial patient assessment |
| EMS Operations | 10–14% | - Incident command and multiple-casualty situations - EMS system roles and responsibilities - Emergency vehicle operations and safety - Documentation and legal aspects |
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NEW QUESTION # 218
A 21-year-old patient has difficulty swallowing. The patient is leaning forward and drooling. The skin is hot to the touch. The vital signs are BP 128/82 mmHg, P 116/min, R 22/min, and SpO# 94% on room air. What should the EMT do for this patient? Select the two correct options.
Answer: A,E
Explanation:
This patient is showing signs of epiglottitis or a serious upper airway obstruction - drooling, difficulty swallowing, fever, and tripod positioning.
EMT actions should include:
* Position of comfort to avoid airway agitation
* Gentle suctioning if secretions threaten airway
Do not force the patient to lie flat, as this may worsen airway compromise. CPAP and humidified oxygen may be considered in hospital care but not as first-line interventions during prehospital airway management in epiglottitis.
References:
NREMT Airway Management Guidelines - Upper Airway Obstruction
National EMS Education Standards - Respiratory Emergencies
AAOS Emergency Care and Transportation (11th ed.) - Chapter on Airway and Breathing Emergencies
NEW QUESTION # 219
A patient has facial drooping, left side paralysis, and slurred speech. The vital signs are BP 160/100, P 100, R
20, and SpO2 96% on room air. Which of the following interventions is appropriate for this patient?
Answer: B
Explanation:
The patient ' s symptoms are consistent with a stroke (CVA). Proper prehospital care focuses on maintaining airway, breathing, circulation, and protecting the affected limbs. Positioning the patient with head elevated (not supine) reduces intracranial pressure and aspiration risk.
Protecting the paralyzed side (e.g., left arm) from injury during transport is critical. EMS should still communicate with the patient - even if speech is impaired - and perform a stroke assessment using tools like Cincinnati Prehospital Stroke Scale (CPSS) or FAST.
References:
NREMT Medical Emergencies: Neurological Conditions
AHA Stroke Guidelines - Prehospital Management
National EMS Education Standards - Stroke Assessment Protocols
NEW QUESTION # 220
A law enforcement officer requests that you place the clothes from a sexual assault victim in a bag for transport to the hospital. Which type of bag should you use?
Answer: A
Explanation:
In cases of sexual assault, preserving evidence integrity is critical. Clothing or other forensic evidence must be placed in paper bags. Plastic or non-breathable materials can trap moisture, promoting mold or degradation of evidence like DNA or bodily fluids.
This approach follows chain-of-custody protocols used by law enforcement and medical facilities for handling forensic material.
References:
NREMT EMS Operations - Evidence Preservation and Forensics
U).S. Department of Justice: "A National Protocol for Sexual Assault Medical Forensic Examinations" National EMS Education Standards - Legal and Ethical Principles
NEW QUESTION # 221
A 23-year-old patient reports loss of appetite, vomiting, fatigue, and joint pain. The patient has yellow sclera and right upper quadrant pain. Which of the following conditions is most likely the cause of the signs and symptoms?
Answer: B
Explanation:
The correct answer is C. Viral hepatitis.
Key findings in this scenario:
* Loss of appetite (anorexia)
* Vomiting
* Fatigue
* Joint pain (arthralgia)
* Yellow sclera (jaundice)
* Right upper quadrant (RUQ) pain
Why Viral Hepatitis is correct:
Viral hepatitis is an inflammation of the liver and commonly presents with:
* Jaundice (yellowing of sclera/skin)
* RUQ abdominal pain
* Fatigue and malaise
* Nausea/vomiting and loss of appetite
* Joint pain (especially early in disease)
NREMT-aligned references state:
* "Hepatitis commonly presents with jaundice, fatigue, and right upper quadrant pain."
* "Patients may also report nausea, vomiting, and anorexia."
Why the other options are incorrect:
* A. Diverticulitis# Typically causes left lower quadrant pain, not jaundice
* B. Appendicitis# Causes right lower quadrant pain, not jaundice or systemic liver signs
* D. Cholecystitis# Causes RUQ pain, but jaundice and systemic symptoms (joint pain, fatigue) are more consistent with hepatitis Exact Extracts (NREMT-aligned EMT educational references):
* "Jaundice is a hallmark sign of liver dysfunction."
* "Hepatitis presents with RUQ pain, nausea, vomiting, and fatigue."
* "Patients may have systemic symptoms such as malaise and joint pain." Clinical Priority Summary:
The presence of jaundice, RUQ pain, and systemic symptoms strongly indicates viral hepatitis, making C the correct answer.
References:
NREMT EMT Education Standards - Medical Emergencies (Gastrointestinal/Hepatic) NREMT National Continued Competency Program (NCCP) AAOS Emergency Care and Transportation of the Sick and Injured (NREMT-aligned)
NEW QUESTION # 222
A 4-year-old patient has a possible neck injury after a fall and requires immobilization to a spine board. When immobilizing the child, which of the following methods, if either, should the EMT use to place the head in a neutral position?
Answer: B
Explanation:
The correct answer is B. Place padding under the torso only.
Key Pediatric Anatomical Difference:
Children (especially under ~8 years old) have a larger occiput (back of the head) relative to their body. When lying flat on a backboard:
* The head is naturally pushed forward (flexed position)
* This can compromise the airway and spinal alignment
Correct Technique:
To achieve a neutral airway and spinal alignment:
* Padding is placed under the torso (shoulders/back)
* This raises the body and allows the head to fall into a neutral position NREMT-aligned guidance states:
* "Due to a larger occiput, pediatric patients may require padding under the torso to maintain a neutral airway."
* "Avoid placing padding under the head alone, as this worsens flexion." Why the other options are incorrect:
* A. Padding under the head only# Worsens neck flexion, potentially compromising airway
* C. Padding under both head and torso# Unnecessary and may misalign the spine
* D. No padding# Leaves the head in a flexed, non-neutral position
Exact Extracts (NREMT-aligned EMT educational references):
* "Children have a proportionally larger head, causing flexion when supine."
* "Padding under the torso helps achieve neutral alignment."
* "Maintain neutral in-line stabilization during immobilization."
Clinical Priority Summary:
Because pediatric patients naturally fall into neck flexion on a backboard, placing padding under the torso restores neutral alignment, making B the correct answer.
References:
NREMT EMT Education Standards - Trauma (Spinal Immobilization - Pediatrics) NREMT National Continued Competency Program (NCCP) AAOS Emergency Care and Transportation of the Sick and Injured (NREMT-aligned)
NEW QUESTION # 223
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