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| Section | Weight | Objectives |
|---|---|---|
| Quality Management Methods | 25% | - Quality Tools and Techniques
|
| Capacity Planning and Facility Layout | 15% | - Capacity Concepts
|
| Forecasting and Project Management | 20% | - Project Management
|
| Process Design and Analysis | 20% | - Process Performance
|
| Supply Chain and Inventory Management | 20% | - Inventory Control
|
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NEW QUESTION # 51
Which total quality management (TQM) process was developed to stress management's responsibility for quality?
Answer: A
Explanation:
The14 Points for Quality Improvement, developed byW. Edwards Deming, explicitly stressmanagement' s responsibility for qualityand form a foundational element of Total Quality Management (TQM).
Deming argued that quality problems aresystemic, meaning they originate primarily from management- controlled processes rather than individual workers. His 14 Points call on leadership to create an environment where quality can thrive throughlong-term thinking, process improvement, and employee involvement.
Key management-focused principles include:
* Creating constancy of purpose
* Adopting a new philosophy of quality
* Eliminating dependence on inspection
* Driving out fear in the workplace
* Breaking down departmental barriers
* Instituting leadership instead of supervision
Unlikestatistical quality control charts, which are technical tools, Deming's points definemanagerial behavior and organizational culture. "Fitness for use" is a definition of quality, not a management system, and product design quality focuses only on one stage of the product lifecycle.
In Operations Management, Deming's framework reshaped how organizations view quality-shifting responsibilityupward to leadership, not downward to operators. This philosophy underpins continuous improvement, employee empowerment, and long-term competitiveness.
By emphasizing leadership accountability, the 14 Points integrate quality into strategy, operations, supplier relationships, and workforce management, making them one of the most influential contributions to modern quality management.
NEW QUESTION # 52
What are two strategic objectives for every member of the supply chain?
Choose 2 answers
Answer: C,D
Explanation:
Two universal strategic objectives for all supply chain members areincreasing cost effectivenessand becoming more efficient.
Every organization in the supply chain-suppliers, manufacturers, distributors, and retailers-must manage costs while improving operational efficiency to remain competitive.
Cost effectiveness ensures:
* Sustainable margins
* Competitive pricing
* Resource optimization
Efficiency focuses on:
* Process improvement
* Waste reduction
* Throughput enhancement
* Reliable delivery
While reducing lead times and increasing demand are desirable outcomes, they are not universal strategic objectives for every participant. Distribution location decisions apply only to specific nodes.
Operations Management views supply chains asinterdependent systems, where overall performance depends on efficiency and cost discipline at each stage.
NEW QUESTION # 53
Which continuous improvement method does Cpk measure?
Answer: D
Explanation:
The process capability indexCpkmeasureshow close a process is to its target and how consistent it is around the average performance.
Cpk is a key metric inSix Sigma and continuous improvement methodologies. It evaluates both:
* Process centering(distance from specification limits)
* Process variation(spread of data)
Unlike Cp, which assumes the process is centered, Cpk accounts for actual process performance relative to upper and lower specification limits. This makes it a more realistic indicator of quality capability.
In Operations Management, Cpk helps organizations:
* Assess whether a process can meet customer specifications
* Identify improvement priorities
* Reduce defects before they occur
Higher Cpk values indicate better performance:
* Cpk # 1.33 is generally acceptable
* Cpk # 2.0 aligns with Six Sigma performance
The other options confuse Cpk with defect rates or cycle time measures. While defects per million opportunities (DPMO) are related, Cpk specifically evaluatesprocess capability, not output counts.
By focusing on consistency and target alignment, Cpk supports preventive quality management and data- driven continuous improvement.
NEW QUESTION # 54
A company manufactures and distributes its own products.
When should the company consider outsourcing its distribution?
Answer: D
Explanation:
A company should consider outsourcing distributionwhen it determines that distribution is no longer a core function.
Operations Management defines core functions as activities that:
* Create competitive advantage
* Differentiate the firm
* Require proprietary knowledge or capabilities
If distribution does not meet these criteria, outsourcing can:
* Lower costs
* Improve service reliability
* Increase scalability
* Allow management to focus on strategic priorities
The other options do not justify outsourcing:
* Forecasting difficulty is a management issue
* Lowest-cost operators should retain distribution
* Regulations do not eliminate strategic relevance
Outsourcing decisions must align with long-term operations strategy, not short-term cost fluctuations.
NEW QUESTION # 55
Which project life cycle phase focuses on determining whether the proposed project is technically, financially, and operationally viable?
Answer: D
Explanation:
Thefeasibility analysis phaseevaluates whether a proposed project istechnically, financially, and operationally viable.
During feasibility analysis, organizations assess:
* Cost-benefit justification
* Resource availability
* Technical constraints
* Operational impact
* Risk and uncertainty
This phase prevents organizations from committing to projects that:
* Are too costly
* Lack capability support
* Conflict with operational capacity
* Fail to deliver strategic value
Planning and execution only proceed if feasibility criteria are satisfied.
In Operations Management, feasibility analysis is especially critical for projects involving:
* Capacity expansion
* New facilities
* System implementations
* Process redesign
It serves as a decision gate that protects organizational resources and ensures disciplined project selection.
NEW QUESTION # 56
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