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NEW QUESTION # 113
A ML engineer is trying to determine the correctness of the new open-source implementation *X", of a supervised regression algorithm implementation. R-Square is one of the functional performance metrics used to determine the quality of the model.
Which ONE of the following would be an APPROPRIATE strategy to achieve this goal?
SELECT ONE OPTION
Answer: A
Explanation:
* A. Add 10% of the rows randomly and create another model and compare the R-Square scores of both the models.
* Adding more data to the training set can affect the R-Square score, but it does not directly verify the correctness of the implementation.
* B. Train various models by changing the order of input features and verify that the R-Square score of these models vary significantly.
* Changing the order of input features should not significantly affect the R-Square score if the implementation is correct, but this approach is more about testing model robustness rather than correctness of the implementation.
* C. Compare the R-Square score of the model obtained using two different implementations that utilize two different programming languages while using the same algorithm and the same training and testing data.
* This approach directly compares the performance of two implementations of the same algorithm.
If both implementations produce similar R-Square scores on the same training and testing data, it suggests that the new implementation "X" is correct.
* D. Drop 10% of the rows randomly and create another model and compare the R-Square scores of both the models.
* Dropping data can lead to variations in the R-Square score but does not directly verify the correctness of the implementation.
Therefore, optionCis the most appropriate strategy because it directly compares the performance of the new implementation "X" with another implementation using the same algorithm and datasets, which helps in verifying the correctness of the implementation.
NEW QUESTION # 114
Which challenge to testing self-learning systems puts you at risk of a data attack?
Choose ONE option (1 out of 4)
Answer: A
Explanation:
The ISTQB CT-AI syllabus describes thatself-learning systems continuously adjust their behaviorduring operation as new data arrives. Section4.1 - Challenges of Testing AI-Based Systemshighlights that such systems are vulnerable todata attacks, particularly through adversarial inputs, poisoning, or malicious drift.
The risk arises because unexpected changes in the input distribution may alter the learned model in harmful ways. OptionD - Unexpected changescorresponds directly to this syllabus-defined risk.
Option A refers to system specification issues but does not relate to data attacks. Option B discusses environment complexity, which makes testing difficult but is not tied to adversarial threats. Option C (insufficient testing time) affects quality but does not specifically increase vulnerability to malicious data manipulation.
Unexpected changes-including data drift, poisoned samples, or maliciously constructed training data-pose the greatest risk. When a self-learning system adapts to altered data patterns, it may unknowingly learn incorrect associations, causing model degradation or manipulation. Therefore,Option Dcorrectly identifies the challenge that increases exposure to data attacks.
NEW QUESTION # 115
Which challenge to testing self-learning systems puts you at risk of a data attack?
Answer: A
Explanation:
The ISTQB CT-AI syllabus describes thatself-learning systems continuously adjust their behaviorduring operation as new data arrives. Section4.1 - Challenges of Testing AI-Based Systemshighlights that such systems are vulnerable todata attacks, particularly through adversarial inputs, poisoning, or malicious drift. The risk arises because unexpected changes in the input distribution may alter the learned model in harmful ways. Option D - Unexpected changes corresponds directly to this syllabus-defined risk.
NEW QUESTION # 116
Consider a natural language processing (NLP) algorithm that attempts to predict the next word that you would like to type in a text message. An update to the algorithm has been created that should increase the accuracy of the predictions based on user typing patterns. The old algorithm was rated for accuracy by the users. Then, after the new update was released, the users rated the updated algorithm. A statistical test was used to compare the two versions of the algorithm to see whether or not the update should remain in place.
This is an example of what type of testing?
Answer: C
Explanation:
The syllabus states:
"A/B testing can be used to test updates to an AI-based system where there are agreed acceptance criteria, such as ML functional performance metrics, as described in Chapter 5. A/B testing is used to compare the updated variant with the previous variant." (Reference: ISTQB CT-AI Syllabus v1.0, Section 9.4, page 68 of 99)
NEW QUESTION # 117
Upon testing a model used to detect rotten tomatoes, the following data was observed by the test engineer, based on certain number of tomato images.
For this confusion matrix which combinations of values of accuracy, recall, and specificity respectively is CORRECT?
SELECT ONE OPTION
Answer: B
Explanation:
To calculate the accuracy, recall, and specificity from the confusion matrix provided, we use the following formulas:
Confusion Matrix:
Actually Rotten: 45 (True Positive), 8 (False Positive)
Actually Fresh: 5 (False Negative), 42 (True Negative)
Accuracy:
Accuracy is the proportion of true results (both true positives and true negatives) in the total population.
Formula: Accuracy=TP+TNTP+TN+FP+FN\text{Accuracy} = \frac{TP + TN}{TP + TN + FP + FN}Accuracy=TP+TN+FP+FNTP+TN Calculation: Accuracy=45+4245+42+8+5=87100=0.87\text{Accuracy} = \frac{45 + 42}{45 + 42 + 8 + 5} = \frac{87}{100} = 0.87Accuracy=45+42+8+545+42=10087=0.87 Recall (Sensitivity):
Recall is the proportion of true positive results in the total actual positives.
Formula: Recall=TPTP+FN\text{Recall} = \frac{TP}{TP + FN}Recall=TP+FNTP Calculation: Recall=4545+5=4550=0.9\text{Recall} = \frac{45}{45 + 5} = \frac{45}{50} = 0.9Recall=45+545=5045=0.9 Specificity:
Specificity is the proportion of true negative results in the total actual negatives.
Formula: Specificity=TNTN+FP\text{Specificity} = \frac{TN}{TN + FP}Specificity=TN+FPTN Calculation: Specificity=4242+8=4250=0.84\text{Specificity} = \frac{42}{42 + 8} = \frac{42}{50} = 0.84Specificity=42+842=5042=0.84 Therefore, the correct combinations of accuracy, recall, and specificity are 0.87, 0.9, and 0.84 respectively.
Reference:
ISTQB CT-AI Syllabus, Section 5.1, Confusion Matrix, provides detailed formulas and explanations for calculating various metrics including accuracy, recall, and specificity.
"ML Functional Performance Metrics" (ISTQB CT-AI Syllabus, Section 5).
NEW QUESTION # 118
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