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| Section | Weight | Objectives |
|---|---|---|
| Open Shortest Path First (OSPF) | 15-20% | - Link-state database - LSA types and operation - Areas and router types - Configuration and troubleshooting |
| Spanning Tree Protocols | 8-12% | - Port roles and states - BPDU and protection features - STP, RSTP, MSTP, VSTP - Configuration and convergence |
| High Availability | 5-8% | - Graceful restart - NSR and GRES concepts - Nonstop active routing |
| Protocol-Independent Routing | 10-15% | - Filter-based forwarding - Routing instances and RIB groups - Martian addresses - Static, aggregate, and generated routes - Load balancing |
| IPv6 | 8-12% | - OSPFv3 and BGP for IPv6 - Address types and format - Static and dynamic routing - Autoconfiguration |
| Layer 2 Bridging and VLANs | 8-12% | - Bridging concepts - VLANs and trunking - Service provider switching features |
| Tunnels | 5-8% | - Tunnel configuration and usage - GRE and IP-IP tunnels |
| Multiprotocol Label Switching (MPLS) | 12-18% | - Segment routing basics - Labels and LIB - Configuration and monitoring - Terminology and forwarding - LDP and RSVP |
| Border Gateway Protocol (BGP) | 20-25% | - IBGP and EBGP - Policy and route filtering - Configuration and troubleshooting - Path selection and attributes - Basic operation and message types |
| Intermediate System to Intermediate System (IS-IS) | 10-15% | - Adjacencies and levels - Metrics and wide metrics - Configuration and monitoring - PDUs and TLVs |
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NEW QUESTION # 173
Referring to the exhibit. The routers shown in the exhibit are configured for segment routing.
In this scenario, what is the adjacency SID that Router B advertises to Router A?
Answer: B
Explanation:
The adjacency SID in segment routing is advertised by one router to inform another about the label that should be used to forward traffic to it over a particular link. In this scenario, Router B would advertise an adjacency SID to Router A, which would be used by Router A to forward traffic to Router B. Based on the exhibit, the adjacency SID that Router B advertises to Router A would be 12.
NEW QUESTION # 174
You must ensure that your routing platform with redundant REs continues to forward packets, even if one RE fails. Which technology would you use to accomplish this task?
Answer: B
Explanation:
For Juniper platforms equipped with dualRouting Engines (REs), the fundamental technology required to provide high availability during a hardware or software failure of the primary RE isGraceful Routing Engine Switchover (GRES).
According to Juniper Networks technical documentation, GRES allows the backup RE to stay in a "hot" standby state. When GRES is enabled, the primary RE synchronizes critical state information with the backup RE, specifically thechassis stateand theinterface state. This synchronization includes the Packet Forwarding Engine (PFE) configuration.
When the primary RE fails, the backup RE takes over immediately. Because the PFE (which resides on the line cards) was already synchronized and is not restarted during the switchover, the routercontinues to forward packetsthat are already in flight or part of established flows. This prevents a complete network outage during an RE failover.
Comparison with other options:
* NSB (Non-Stop Bridging - Option A):Focuses specifically on maintaining Layer 2 protocol states (like STP) during a switchover.
* LAG (Link Aggregation - Option B):Provides redundancy for physical links, not the control plane or the RE.
* BFD (Bidirectional Forwarding Detection - Option C):Is a protocol used for rapid detection of link or neighbor failures; it does not protect the RE or maintain forwarding during an internal switchover.
It is important to note that while GRES maintains theforwardingstate, it does not by itself maintain therouting protocolstate (adjacencies). To keep OSPF or BGP sessions from dropping during the switchover, GRES must be paired withNon-Stop Active Routing (NSR). However, as the question focuses on the core requirement of continuing to forward packets,GRESis the foundational technology.
NEW QUESTION # 175
Which IS-IS packet type will establish and maintain neighbor relationships?
Answer: A
Explanation:
In theIS-IS (Intermediate System to Intermediate System)protocol, communication between routers is performed usingProtocol Data Units (PDUs). To discover neighbors and maintain adjacencies, IS-IS relies on theHello PDU (IIH - IS-IS Hello).
According to Juniper Networks technical documentation, when IS-IS is enabled on an interface, the router begins transmitting Hello PDUs to a multi-destination address (multicast). These PDUs contain essential information such as the router'sSystem ID, its configuredArea Addresses, and itsLevel capability(Level 1, Level 2, or both). For two routers to become neighbors, they must exchange these Hello PDUs and agree on specific parameters, such as the MTU of the link and the hello/hold timers.
Once an adjacency is established, the Hello PDU serves as a "keepalive" mechanism. If a router stops receiving Hello PDUs from a neighbor for a duration exceeding theHolding Time, it assumes the neighbor is down and flushes the associated Link-State PDUs (LSPs) from its database.
To clarify the other options:
* Link-State PDU (Option A):These are used to distribute actual topology and reachability information, not to form adjacencies.
* Partial Sequence Number PDU (Option C):PSNPs are used on point-to-point links to acknowledge the receipt of LSPs or to request missing LSPs.
* Update PDU (Option D):This is not a standard IS-IS term; in IS-IS, updates are handled via the flooding of LSPs.
NEW QUESTION # 176
Referring to the exhibit, what is the minimum number of LSPs required to support all four networks?
Answer: C
Explanation:
Given the RSVP Signaled Service Provider MPLS Core network shown in the exhibit, only a single Label Switched Path (LSP) is required to support all four networks because MPLS can use label stacking to multiplex multiple LSPs over a single physical path. Therefore, one LSP can be established through the MPLS core, and all networks can use this LSP with different label stacks.
NEW QUESTION # 177
Exhibit:
user@Router-1> show route 172.24/16
inet.0: 9 destinations, 9 routes (9 active, 0 holddown, 0 hidden)
+ = Active Route, - = Last Active, * = Both
...
172.24.0.0/24 *[OSPF/150] 01:31:31, metric 0, tag 0
> to 172.20.0.2 via ge-0/0/2.0
to 172.20.1.2 via ge-0/0/3.0
user@Router-1> show route forwarding-table
Routing table: default.inet
Internet:
Destination Type RtRef Next hop Type Index NhRef Netif
...
172.24.0.0/24 user 0
172.20.0.2 ucst 551 2 ge-0/0/2.0
172.20.1.2 ucst 552 2 ge-0/0/3.0
Referring to the exhibit, which two statements are true? (Choose two.)
Answer: A,D
Explanation:
In Junos OS, understanding the distinction between theRouting Information Base (RIB)and theForwarding Information Base (FIB)is fundamental to analyzing traffic patterns and load-balancing behavior. The RIB (show route) contains all prefixes learned via various protocols, while the FIB (show route forwarding-table) contains only the active next-hops that are actually programmed into the Packet Forwarding Engine (PFE).
According to Juniper Networks technical documentation, the default behavior for Junos OS when encounteringEqual-Cost Multipath (ECMP)routes is to select only a single next-hop from the available candidates in the RIB and install that single path into the FIB. In a default state, even if the show route output displays multiple next-hops for a destination like 172.24.0.0/24, only one would have the active route symbol (
>) and only that one would appear in the forwarding table.
In the provided exhibit, the show route output shows two next-hops for 172.24.0.0/24, but only the first one (172.20.0.2) is marked with the>symbol as the active selection. However, the subsequent show route forwarding-table output reveals thatboth next-hops(172.20.0.2 and 172.20.1.2) are currently present in the forwarding table for that same destination. This discrepancy indicates that thedefault load-balancing behavior has been modified (Option B). This modification is typically achieved by creating a routing policy with the action then load-balance per-packet (which actually results in flow-based load balancing) and applying it to the forwarding table via the export statement under [edit routing-options forwarding-table].
Because the forwarding table now contains both next-hops, the router is no longer restricted to a single path.
Therefore, therouter will choose both next-hops in the routing table (Option D)for packet forwarding, distributing flows across the two available Gigabit Ethernet interfaces (ge-0/0/2.0 and ge-0/0/3.0). This ensures higher utilized bandwidth and provides redundancy at the data plane level.
NEW QUESTION # 178
......
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