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| Section | Objectives |
|---|---|
| Topic 1: Managerial Accounting for Decision Making | - Budgeting and Planning
|
| Topic 2: Financial Accounting Fundamentals | - Financial Statements
|
| Topic 3: Business Decision Support | - Performance Measurement
|
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질문 # 43
A company presently uses traditional volume-based costing to allocate overhead to its products.
The following table provides information on two of the company's products:
Product A
Product B
Selling price
$8
$12
Direct material
$2
$3
Direct labor
$1
$2
Applied overhead
$3
$4
Gross margin
$2
$3
Overhead that would be applied to Product A would increase to $8 per unit after identifying cost pools and cost drivers, and the overhead applied to Product B would drop to $2 per unit .
How would this change in the way overhead is allocated affect the selling price of both products?
정답：A
설명：
The correct answer is C . Under activity-based costing (ABC) , overhead is reassigned based on the activities that actually drive cost consumption. ABC often reveals that one product was previously undercosted while another was overcosted under traditional volume-based allocation. OpenStax explains that ABC can shift overhead between products and provide more accurate product-cost information for pricing and decision- making.
For Product A , the new overhead rises from $3 to $8 , increasing total unit cost from $6 ($2 + $1 + $3) to
$11 ($2 + $1 + $8). Since the current selling price is only $8 , Product A is now shown as underpriced, so its selling price would likely need to increase . For Product B , overhead falls from $4 to $2 , reducing total unit cost from $9 to $7 . With a current selling price of $12 , Product B appears more profitable than previously believed, so management could choose to decrease its price if needed for competitive reasons. Therefore, the most logical result is Product A price up, Product B price down , which is Option C .
질문 # 44
Which two item subtotals are included in a multi-step income statement?
Choose 2 answers.
정답：A,C
설명：
The correct answers are A. Gross profit and B. Income from operations . A multi-step income statement separates operating and nonoperating activities and includes intermediate subtotals that help users analyze profitability in stages. Two of the most important subtotals are gross profit and income from operations .
Gross profit is calculated as net sales minus cost of goods sold , while income from operations is determined after subtracting operating expenses from gross profit. OpenStax explains that a multi-step income statement includes these subtotals to give users more insight into business performance.
Options C. Current liabilities and D. Total assets are incorrect because those belong on the balance sheet , not the income statement. A multi-step income statement focuses on revenues, costs, and expenses for a period of time, not financial position at a point in time. By providing subtotals such as gross profit and income from operations, the statement helps managers, investors, and creditors evaluate how well the company performs in its core operations before considering nonoperating items. Therefore, the correct choices are A and B .
질문 # 45
Last year, X Corporation had sales of $500,000 and total expenses of $300,000. A manager of the company is entitled to get a sales commission of 10% of net profit.
What amount of sales commission is to be recognized at year-end?
정답：B
설명：
The correct answer is A. $20,000 . First, calculate net profit before the commission:
Net profit = Sales - Total expenses = $500,000 - $300,000 = $200,000
The manager's commission is 10% of net profit , so:
Commission = 10% × $200,000 = $20,000
Therefore, the amount to recognize at year-end is $20,000 . Under accrual accounting, expenses are recognized in the period in which they are incurred, even if they have not yet been paid. Since the company earned the profit during the year and the manager became entitled to the commission based on that profit, the commission expense should be recorded at year-end in the same reporting period. This follows the matching concept, which aligns expenses with the revenues they helped generate.
Option B is incorrect because it represents 10% of sales, not net profit. Option C and Option D do not match the 10% commission calculation based on the stated profit amount. Since the problem clearly says the commission is based on net profit , the correct recognized amount is $20,000 , making Option A correct.
Accounting texts describe net profit as revenues minus expenses.
질문 # 46
The following list provides partial financial information for a company.
Beginning cash balance = $1,200
Received cash from sales of goods = $16,000
Paid wages and salaries = $4,500
Received cash from non-trading securities = $5,000
Paid cash for plant assets = $6,000
Received cash from loans = $8,000
Paid cash in repayment of loans = $2,000
What is the ending cash balance for this company?
정답：B
설명：
The correct answer is D. $17,700 . To find the ending cash balance, start with the beginning cash balance and then add all cash inflows and subtract all cash outflows.
Beginning cash = $1,200
Inflows:
Cash from sales = $16,000
Cash received from non-trading securities = $5,000
Cash received from loans = $8,000
Total inflows = $29,000
Outflows:
Wages and salaries paid = $4,500
Cash paid for plant assets = $6,000
Cash paid in repayment of loans = $2,000
Total outflows = $12,500
Now calculate ending cash:
Ending cash = $1,200 + $29,000 - $12,500 = $17,700
This is the amount of cash remaining after considering all listed cash transactions. The classification of the cash flows is not necessary to solve the question, but they include operating, investing, and financing effects.
What matters mathematically is that every cash receipt increases total cash and every cash payment decreases it. Since the net increase in cash is $16,500 , adding that to the beginning cash of $1,200 gives $17,700 .
Therefore, Option D is correct.
질문 # 47
What purpose do the notes within financial statements serve to the Financial Accounting Standards Board?
정답：D
설명：
The correct answer is A. Providing supplementary information as needed . Notes to financial statements are designed to give users additional information that supports, explains, and expands on the amounts shown in the main financial statements. They may include descriptions of accounting policies, contingencies, commitments, segment information, assumptions, and other disclosures necessary for fair presentation. FASB- related disclosure materials and accounting references describe notes as providing supporting or supplementary information for items presented in the statements.
Option C is partly true in a narrower sense because the notes often include a summary of significant accounting policies , but that is only one component of their broader purpose. Option B is incorrect because totals are summarized in the statements themselves, not mainly in the notes. Option D is also incorrect because the notes are not limited to financial statistics; they provide qualitative and quantitative disclosures that help users interpret the statements properly. Therefore, the best overall answer is that notes serve the purpose of providing supplementary information as needed to make the financial statements more complete, understandable, and decision-useful.
질문 # 48
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