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| Section | Weight | Objectives |
|---|---|---|
| Topic 1: Troubleshooting | 30% | - Pod and application failures - Worker node issues and recovery - Network connectivity and DNS resolution problems - Cluster component health checks - Control plane component failures - Log collection and analysis |
| Topic 2: Cluster Architecture, Installation & Configuration | 25% | - Implement high availability control plane - Manage cluster lifecycle and upgrades - Install components via Helm / Kustomize - Understand CNI, CSI, CRI interfaces - Create and manage clusters with kubeadm - Manage RBAC - Work with CRDs and Operators - Prepare infrastructure for cluster installation |
| Topic 3: Services & Networking | 20% | - Ingress resources and controllers - Service types: ClusterIP, NodePort, LoadBalancer, ExternalName - CoreDNS and service discovery - Network policies - CNI configuration and troubleshooting |
| Topic 4: Workloads & Scheduling | 15% | - Pod scheduling: node selector, affinity, taints/tolerations - Deployments, rolling updates and rollbacks - Resource requests, limits and autoscaling - Configure applications with ConfigMaps and Secrets - Pod lifecycle, init containers, probes |
| Topic 5: Storage | 10% | - Volume types and access modes - StatefulSet storage configuration - Persistent Volumes (PV) and Persistent Volume Claims (PVC) - StorageClasses and dynamic provisioning |
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NEW QUESTION # 35
Score: 5%
Task
From the pod label name=cpu-utilizer, find pods running high CPU workloads and write the name of the pod consuming most CPU to the file /opt/KUTR00401/KUTR00401.txt (which already exists).
Answer:
Explanation:
Solution:
kubectl top -l name=cpu-user -A
echo 'pod name' >> /opt/KUT00401/KUT00401.txt
NEW QUESTION # 36
Your Kubernetes cluster is experiencing a high number of pod restarts in the 'database-service' Deployment. The logs show errors related to "connection refused" from the database service. You need to diagnose the issue and resolve it.
Answer:
Explanation:
See the solution below with Step by Step Explanation.
Explanation:
Solution (Step by Step) :
1. Check the Database Service:
- Verify the database service is running and healthy:
- Use 'kubectl get services database-service' to check the service status.
- If the service is not running, try restarting it with 'kubectl delete service database-service' followed by 'kubectl apply -f database-service.yaml'
2. Investigate Network Connectivity:
- Check if pods in the 'database-service' Deployment can connect to the database service:
- Use 'kubectl exec -it -n bash' to enter a pod in the Deployment.
- Run 'ping database-service' or 'telnet database-service to test network connectivity.
- If ping or telnet fails, there might be a network issue between the pods and the database service.
3. Examine Service Configuration:
- Inspect the database service YAML:
- Verify the port mapping in the service definition matches the port that the database service listens on.
- Ensure the service selector matches the labels of the database pods.
- Example:
4. Check for Network Policies: - Determine if any network policies are blocking traffic between the database service and the pods: - Use 'kubectl get networkpolicies -n ' to list network policies. - Examine the policies to see if they are blocking traffic based on labels, ports, or other criteria. 5. Troubleshoot Database Service: - Verify the database service itself is running and accessible: - If you can access the database service directly from outside the cluster, but the pods cannot connect, there may be an issue with the database service itself. - Run tests to ensure the database is functioning correctly. 6. Test and Redeploy: - After making changes to the service definition, apply the update: - 'kubectl apply -f database-service.yaml' - Monitor the pod restarts. If the issue persists, consider further troubleshooting steps, such as inspecting firewall rules or DNS resolution.
NEW QUESTION # 37
You are running a service that handles requests from multiple pods. How can you scale the service to handle increased traffic without impacting the service availability during the scaling process?
Answer:
Explanation:
See the solution below with Step by Step Explanation.
Explanation:
Solution (Step by Step) :
1. Use a Deployment:
- Deploy the service using a Deployment with the desired number of replicas.
2. Define a Service:
- Create a Service that exposes the application to the outside world.
- Use a 'type: LoadBalancer' to distribute traffic across the pods.
3. Implement Horizontal Pod Autoscaler (HPA):
- Create an HPA that monitors the service's CPU usage.
- Configure the HPA to scale the Deployment based on the CPU utilization.
4. Test the Autoscaling: - Simulate increased traffic to the service. - Observe the HPA scaling the Deployment to meet the demand. 5. Monitor the Service: - Monitor the service's performance and ensure that it remains available and stable during scaling. 6. Adjust HPA Configuration: - Fine-tune the HPA configuration to optimize scaling based on specific performance needs.
NEW QUESTION # 38
You have a Deployment named 'my-app-deployment' running a web application. The Deployment's Service is exposed using a NodePort service. You need to configure a new Ingress resource that allows traffic to reach the web application through a specific domain name. How would you set up the Ingress configuration?
Answer:
Explanation:
See the solution below with Step by Step Explanation.
Explanation:
Solution (Step by Step) :
1. Install the Ingress Controller:
- If you haven't already, install an Ingress controller. Common options include:
- NGINX Ingress Controller: [https://kubernetes.github.io/ingress-nginx/](https://kubernetes.github.io/ingress- nginx/)
- Traefik Ingress Controller: [https://traefik.io[](https://traefik.io/)
2. Create an Ingress Resource:
- Create a new Ingress resource using the following YAML structure, replacing the placeholders with your actual values:
3. Configure DNS: - Create a DNS record for your domain 'my-app.example.com' pointing to the IP address of your Ingress controller. This can be either a LoadBalancer service IP or the Ingress controller's pod IP if you're using NodePort. 4. Verify Ingress Setup: - Once the DNS records are propagated, you should be able to access your web application through the configured domain name 'my-app.example.com'.
NEW QUESTION # 39
List "nginx-dev" and "nginx-prod" pod and delete those pods
Answer:
Explanation:
kubect1 get pods -o wide
kubectl delete po "nginx-dev" kubectl delete po "nginx-prod"
NEW QUESTION # 40
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