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| Section | Weight | Objectives |
|---|---|---|
| Application Environment, Configuration and Security | 25% | - Create and consume Secrets - Use ServiceAccounts - Apply application security settings - Work with ConfigMaps - Configure resource requirements, limits and quotas - Use custom resources and extensions - Understand authentication, authorization and admission control |
| Services and Networking | 20% | - Troubleshoot network access - Expose applications via Services - Understand and apply NetworkPolicies - Use Ingress rules |
| Application Design and Build | 20% | - Understand multi-container Pod design patterns - Utilize persistent and ephemeral volumes - Choose and use appropriate workload resources - Define, build and modify container images |
| Application Deployment | 20% | - Work with Kustomize - Use Helm package manager - Manage Deployments, rolling updates and rollbacks - Implement deployment strategies |
| Application Observability and Maintenance | 15% | - Understand API deprecations - Monitor applications using CLI tools - Implement probes and health checks - Work with container logs - Debug applications in Kubernetes |
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NEW QUESTION # 138
You have a Deployment named 'api-deployment' that runs an API server. The API server handles sensitive data and must have strong security measures. You want to ensure that all pods within the Deployment are running with a specific security context that limits their capabilities. Describe the steps to configure a Securitycontext in the Deployment to enforce these security restrictions.
Answer:
Explanation:
See the solution below with Step by Step Explanation.
Explanation:
Solution (Step by Step) :
1. Define the SecurityContext:
- Add a 'securityContext' section to the container definition Within the Deployment's template.
- Define the desired security restrictions Within the 'securityContext sectiom
- 'runAsLJser': Specifies the user ID under which the container should run.
- 'runAsGroup': Defines the group ID for the container.
- 'tsGroup': Sets the supplemental group ID for the container, giving access to specific files and directories.
- 'readOnlyRootFilesystem': Specifies whether the container should have read-only access to the root filesystem.
- 'capabilities': Configures the allowed capabilities for the container, limiting its privileges.
2. Apply the Deployment: - Use 'kubectl apply -f api-deployment_yamr to update the Deployment with the security context configuration. 3. Verify the Security Context: - Examine the pod details using 'kubectl describe pod -I app=api-server' to confirm that the SecurityContext is applied to the containers. 4. Test Security Measures: - Run tests to ensure the security context is effectively limiting the capabilities of the API server pods.
NEW QUESTION # 139
Exhibit:
Context
As a Kubernetes application developer you will often find yourself needing to update a running application.
Task
Please complete the following:
* Update the app deployment in the kdpd00202 namespace with a maxSurge of 5% and a maxUnavailable of 2%
* Perform a rolling update of the web1 deployment, changing the Ifccncf/ngmx image version to 1.13
* Roll back the app deployment to the previous version
Answer: A
NEW QUESTION # 140
You have a microservice application that relies on a Redis cacne for data retrieval. Design a multi-container Pod that incorporates a Redis sidecar container to provide local caching within the Pod. Ensure that the main application container can access the Redis sidecar container within the same Pod Namespace Without needing to communicate with an external Redis cluster.
Answer:
Explanation:
See the solution below with Step by Step Explanation.
Explanation:
Solution (Step by Step) :
1. Define the Pod YAML: Create a Pod YAML file that includes both the main application container and the Redis sidecar container.
2. Configure Environment Variables: Set an environment variable 'REDIS HOST within the main application container to point to the Redis sidecar containers hostname- In Kubernetes, containers within the same Pod can communicate with each other using their container names. 3. Connect Application to Redis: Modifry' the application code to connect to the Redis instance using the 'REDIS HOST environment variable. For example, using a Python application with the 'redis-py' library: python import redis r = redis-Redis(host=os.environ.get('REDlS_HOST'), port=6379) # Perform Redis operations (e.g., r.set('key', 'value')) 4. Deploy the Pod: Apply the Pod YAML using 'kubectl apply -f my-app-pod.yamr 5. Verify Connectivity: Check the logs of the main application container to ensure it's successfully connecting to the Redis sidecar container Note: This approach provides local caching within the Pod, reducing external network calls and improving performance. It's important to consider potential data consistency issues if multiple Pods share the same Redis instance.
NEW QUESTION # 141 
Context
A user has reported an aopticauon is unteachable due to a failing livenessProbe .
Task
Perform the following tasks:
* Find the broken pod and store its name and namespace to /opt/KDOB00401/broken.txt in the format:
The output file has already been created
* Store the associated error events to a file /opt/KDOB00401/error.txt, The output file has already been created. You will need to use the -o wide output specifier with your command
* Fix the issue.
Answer:
Explanation:
See the solution below.
Explanation
Solution:
Create the Pod:
kubectl create
-f http://k8s.io/docs/tasks/configure-pod-container/
exec-liveness.yaml
Within 30 seconds, view the Pod events:
kubectl describe pod liveness-exec
The output indicates that no liveness probes have failed yet:
FirstSeen LastSeen Count From SubobjectPath Type Reason Message
--------- -------- ----- ---- ------------- -------- ------ -------
24s 24s 1 {default-scheduler } Normal Scheduled Successfully assigned liveness-exec to worker0
23s 23s 1 {kubelet worker0} spec.containers{liveness} Normal Pulling pulling image
"gcr.io/google_containers/busybox"
23s 23s 1 {kubelet worker0} spec.containers{liveness} Normal Pulled Successfully pulled image
"gcr.io/google_containers/busybox"
23s 23s 1 {kubelet worker0} spec.containers{liveness} Normal Created Created container with docker id
86849c15382e; Security:[seccomp=unconfined]
23s 23s 1 {kubelet worker0} spec.containers{liveness} Normal Started Started container with docker id
86849c15382e
After 35 seconds, view the Pod events again:
kubectl describe pod liveness-exec
At the bottom of the output, there are messages indicating that the liveness probes have failed, and the containers have been killed and recreated.
FirstSeen LastSeen Count From SubobjectPath Type Reason Message
--------- -------- ----- ---- -------------
37s 37s 1 {default-scheduler } Normal Scheduled Successfully assigned liveness-exec to worker0
36s 36s 1 {kubelet worker0} spec.containers{liveness} Normal Pulling pulling image
"gcr.io/google_containers/busybox"
36s 36s 1 {kubelet worker0} spec.containers{liveness} Normal Pulled Successfully pulled image
"gcr.io/google_containers/busybox"
36s 36s 1 {kubelet worker0} spec.containers{liveness} Normal Created Created container with docker id
86849c15382e; Security:[seccomp=unconfined]
36s 36s 1 {kubelet worker0} spec.containers{liveness} Normal Started Started container with docker id
86849c15382e
2s 2s 1 {kubelet worker0} spec.containers{liveness} Warning Unhealthy Liveness probe failed: cat: can't open
'/tmp/healthy': No such file or directory
Wait another 30 seconds, and verify that the Container has been restarted:
kubectl get pod liveness-exec
The output shows that RESTARTS has been incremented:
NAME READY STATUS RESTARTS AGE
liveness-exec 1/1 Running 1 m
NEW QUESTION # 142
Refer to Exhibit.
Task:
1- Update the Propertunel scaling configuration of the Deployment web1 in the ckad00015 namespace setting maxSurge to 2 and maxUnavailable to 59
2- Update the web1 Deployment to use version tag 1.13.7 for the Ifconf/nginx container image.
3- Perform a rollback of the web1 Deployment to its previous version
Answer:
Explanation:
Solution:
NEW QUESTION # 143
......
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