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| Section | Weight | Objectives |
|---|---|---|
| AI Governance, Risk and Compliance | 19% | - Risk management for AI
|
| Basic AI Concepts Related to Cybersecurity | 17% | - Core AI principles and terminology
|
| Securing AI Systems | 40% | - Security controls for AI systems
|
| AI-assisted Security | 24% | - AI in security strategy and operations
|
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NEW QUESTION # 138
A developer is proposing a new AI application for human resources systems. Which of the following are the most important considerations?
Answer: B
Explanation:
Option B is correct because a human resources AI application processes highly sensitive employee and applicant information and may influence consequential employment decisions. Privacy and security therefore determine whether the system can be deployed responsibly. The design must address data minimization, lawful collection, access control, encryption, retention, auditability, secure model integration, and protection against unauthorized disclosure. It should also evaluate whether training data or outputs expose protected or confidential information and whether human review is required before decisions affect candidates or employees. Option A concerns friendliness and presentation, not the protection of people or organizational data. Option C may improve usability, but visual design cannot compensate for insecure handling of resumes, performance records, or identity data. Option D can make outputs easier to consume, yet brevity and summarization do not control privacy risk or system compromise. The NIST AI Risk Management Framework identifies privacy enhancement, security, resilience, accountability, and transparency as characteristics of trustworthy AI, making privacy and security the controlling considerations in this scenario.
NEW QUESTION # 139
A security analyst who is reviewing logs notices the following:
* Suspicious inputs are present and contain character look-alikes.
* Strange character substitutions
* Odd spacing
* Inputs that appear to be broken sentence structures
Which of the following best explains what the user was utilizing?
Answer: A
Explanation:
Obfuscation is the correct answer because the observed inputs show deliberate attempts to make content difficult for automated security controls or AI systems to interpret while preserving enough meaning for the intended recipient. Character look-alikes, unusual Unicode substitutions, abnormal spacing, and deliberately fragmented sentence structures are common techniques for disguising malicious or restricted content.
CompTIA SecAI+ explicitly identifies obfuscation within the AI-assisted security domain as a way AI can enable or enhance attack vectors.
Disinformation involves intentionally spreading false information to deceive an audience, while misinformation refers to inaccurate information that may be distributed without deliberate malicious intent.
Neither term describes manipulating the representation of text to evade detection. Anonymization removes or obscures identifying information to protect identity or privacy; it does not explain character substitution or malformed sentence construction. In this scenario, the attacker is manipulating how the input appears so filtering, pattern-matching, or other inspection mechanisms may have difficulty recognizing the underlying content. Therefore, obfuscation most precisely describes the activity.
NEW QUESTION # 140
During a model validation procedure, an engineer notices that a model performs well during training but poorly during testing.
Which of the following best describes the reason?
Answer: C
Explanation:
Basic Concept: The gap between training performance and test performance is a classic indicator of a specific model quality problem. Understanding this phenomenon and its causes is fundamental to AI model development. CompTIA SecAI+ Study Guide covers overfitting under basic AI concepts and model quality.
Why B is Correct: Overfitting occurs when a model learns the training data too specifically - memorizing noise, outliers, and specific patterns in the training set rather than learning generalizable underlying patterns.
The model achieves high accuracy on training data but fails to generalize to new, unseen test data. This produces exactly the scenario described: excellent training performance combined with poor test performance.
Overfitting is the quintessential cause of this training-testing performance gap.
Why A is Wrong: Fine-tuning is a training technique that adapts a pre-trained model to a new task or domain using additional training data. It is a deliberate training process, not a description of why a model ' s performance degrades from training to testing.
Why C is Wrong: Regularization is a training technique specifically used to prevent overfitting by adding penalties to large model weights, encouraging the model to learn simpler, more generalizable patterns. It is the solution to overfitting, not its cause.
Why D is Wrong: Inference is the process of using a trained model to make predictions on new data. It describes the operational use of a model, not a quality characteristic that explains why performance differs between training and testing phases.
NEW QUESTION # 141
A security architect performs threat modeling of an AI system. The architect needs to determine which attacks can be performed against the system.
Which of the following actions should the architect take next?
Answer: B
Explanation:
MITRE ATLAS is specifically designed to catalog adversarial TTPs targeting AI systems. By analyzing ATLAS, the architect can determine which types of attacks are possible against the AI system, making it the most appropriate resource for threat modeling in this context.
NEW QUESTION # 142
A SOC analyst identifies that a user extracted the full system prompt from the company ' s chatbot by prompting it to repeat the last query and provide the entire conversation context. Which of the following mitigations reduces the risk to the AI system?
Answer: D
Explanation:
Basic Concept: System prompt extraction is an attack where users manipulate an LLM into revealing its confidential system instructions. This violates the confidentiality of proprietary prompts and can expose security controls and business logic to adversaries. CompTIA SecAI+ Study Guide identifies guardrails as the primary control for preventing system prompt disclosure.
Why C is Correct: Enhancing model guardrails can specifically include instructions and filters that prevent the model from revealing its system prompt contents, regardless of how users attempt to extract them. Guardrails can detect and block attempts to retrieve conversation history, repeat system-level instructions, or disclose confidential operational context. This directly addresses the demonstrated attack where the user prompted the chatbot to reveal its entire context including the system prompt.
Why A is Wrong: Restricting the LLM ' s access to internal services limits what external resources the model can query. While this reduces the potential impact of system compromise, it does not prevent the model from disclosing its own system prompt in response to carefully crafted user queries.
Why B is Wrong: Data version control tracks changes to datasets and documents over time. It is a data management tool that does not inspect or control what the model discloses in its conversational responses to users.
Why D is Wrong: Segregating and identifying external content is relevant for preventing prompt injection from external data sources. It does not directly prevent a user from successfully prompting the model to reveal its own internal system instructions.
NEW QUESTION # 143
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