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| Section | Objectives |
|---|---|
| Topic 1: Application Design and Build | - Understand multi-container Pod design patterns - Define, build and modify container images - Understand Jobs and CronJobs |
| Topic 2: Services and Networking | - Pod networking concepts - Services (ClusterIP, NodePort) - Ingress basics |
| Topic 3: Application Observability and Maintenance | - Understand probes and health checks - Monitor and troubleshoot applications |
| Topic 4: Application Deployment | - Use Kubernetes primitives to implement deployments - Understand rolling updates and rollbacks |
| Topic 5: Application Environment, Configuration and Security | - ConfigMaps and Secrets usage - Security contexts and service accounts |
| Topic 6: State Persistence | - Storage classes and volume mounting - PersistentVolumes and PersistentVolumeClaims |
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NEW QUESTION # 195 
Context
A user has reported an aopticauon is unteachable due to a failing livenessProbe .
Task
Perform the following tasks:
* Find the broken pod and store its name and namespace to /opt/KDOB00401/broken.txt in the format:
The output file has already been created
* Store the associated error events to a file /opt/KDOB00401/error.txt, The output file has already been created. You will need to use the -o wide output specifier with your command
* Fix the issue.
Answer:
Explanation:
See the solution below.
Explanation
Solution:
Create the Pod:
kubectl create
-f http://k8s.io/docs/tasks/configure-pod-container/
exec-liveness.yaml
Within 30 seconds, view the Pod events:
kubectl describe pod liveness-exec
The output indicates that no liveness probes have failed yet:
FirstSeen LastSeen Count From SubobjectPath Type Reason Message
--------- -------- ----- ---- ------------- -------- ------ -------
24s 24s 1 {default-scheduler } Normal Scheduled Successfully assigned liveness-exec to worker0
23s 23s 1 {kubelet worker0} spec.containers{liveness} Normal Pulling pulling image
"gcr.io/google_containers/busybox"
23s 23s 1 {kubelet worker0} spec.containers{liveness} Normal Pulled Successfully pulled image
"gcr.io/google_containers/busybox"
23s 23s 1 {kubelet worker0} spec.containers{liveness} Normal Created Created container with docker id
86849c15382e; Security:[seccomp=unconfined]
23s 23s 1 {kubelet worker0} spec.containers{liveness} Normal Started Started container with docker id
86849c15382e
After 35 seconds, view the Pod events again:
kubectl describe pod liveness-exec
At the bottom of the output, there are messages indicating that the liveness probes have failed, and the containers have been killed and recreated.
FirstSeen LastSeen Count From SubobjectPath Type Reason Message
--------- -------- ----- ---- -------------
37s 37s 1 {default-scheduler } Normal Scheduled Successfully assigned liveness-exec to worker0
36s 36s 1 {kubelet worker0} spec.containers{liveness} Normal Pulling pulling image
"gcr.io/google_containers/busybox"
36s 36s 1 {kubelet worker0} spec.containers{liveness} Normal Pulled Successfully pulled image
"gcr.io/google_containers/busybox"
36s 36s 1 {kubelet worker0} spec.containers{liveness} Normal Created Created container with docker id
86849c15382e; Security:[seccomp=unconfined]
36s 36s 1 {kubelet worker0} spec.containers{liveness} Normal Started Started container with docker id
86849c15382e
2s 2s 1 {kubelet worker0} spec.containers{liveness} Warning Unhealthy Liveness probe failed: cat: can't open
'/tmp/healthy': No such file or directory
Wait another 30 seconds, and verify that the Container has been restarted:
kubectl get pod liveness-exec
The output shows that RESTARTS has been incremented:
NAME READY STATUS RESTARTS AGE
liveness-exec 1/1 Running 1 m
NEW QUESTION # 196 
Task:
Update the Deployment app-1 in the frontend namespace to use the existing ServiceAccount app.
Answer:
Explanation:
See the solution below.
Explanation:
Solution:
NEW QUESTION # 197
You have a Deployment named 'my-app-deployment running a Flask application. You want to add a liveness probe that checks if the Flask application is responding on port '5000' and a readiness probe that checks if the application is ready to receive requests. Implement these probes using Kustomize.
Answer:
Explanation:
See the solution below with Step by Step Explanation.
Explanation:
Solution (Step by Step) :
1. Create a base Deployment configuration:
2. Create a 'kustomization.yamr file:
3. Create 'patcnes/liveness-probe.yaml':
4. Create 'patches/readiness-probe-yaml':
5. Apply the Kustomize configuration: bash kustomize . I kubectl apply -t- - Liveness probe: This probe checks if the application is still alive and running. It uses a TCP socket to connect to port ' 5000' and waits for 15 seconds before making the first cneck. It checks every 20 seconds, and if it fails 3 times in a row, the pod is restarted. - Readiness probe: This probe checks if the application is ready to receive requests. It also uses a TCP socket to connect to port '5000'. It checks every 10 seconds and waits for 5 seconds before the first check. If it fails 2 times in a row, the pod is marked as unhealthy and excluded trom receiving traffic. Note: Make sure your Flask application is actually listening on port '5000' and responding to requests. ,
NEW QUESTION # 198
You have a container image that contains a Python application. The application depends on specific libraries that are not included in the base image used for the container. Describe the steps involved in modifying the image to install the necessary libraries Without rebuilding the entire application.
Answer:
Explanation:
See the solution below with Step by Step Explanation.
Explanation:
Solution (Step by Step) :
1. Create a Dockerfile:
- Create a new 'Dockerfile' with the following content
- Replace 'existing-image:latest' with the name of your current container image. - Replace 'requirements-txt' with the name of your file containing the list of Python libraries. 2. Build the Image: - Build the new image using the Dockerfile: docker build -t updated-image:latest 3. Update the Deployment - Modify your Deployment YAML file to use the newly built image:
4. Apply the Changes: - Apply the updated Deployment using Skubectl apply -f deployment.yamr. This will trigger a rolling update to the pods using the new image. 5. Verify the Update: - Check the logs of the pods using 'kubectl logs -f . You should see the application running with the installed libraries. 6. Test the Application: - Access your application and ensure it functions correctly with the new libraries.
NEW QUESTION # 199
You have a Deployment named 'my-app' that runs 3 replicas of a Python application. You need to implement a bluetgreen deployment strategy where only a portion of the traffic is directed to the new version of the application initially. After successful validation, you want to gradually shift traffic to the new version until all traffic is directed to it. You'll use a new image tagged for the new version.
Answer:
Explanation:
See the solution below with Step by Step Explanation.
Explanation:
Solution (Step by Step) :
1. Create a new Deployment for the new version:
- Create a new Deployment file called 'my-app-v2.yaml'
- Define the 'replicas' to be the same as the original Deployment.
- Set the 'image' to 'my-app:v2'
- Ensure the 'metadata-name' is different from the original deployment.
- Use the same 'selector.matchLabelS as the original Deployment.
- Create the Deployment using 'kubectl apply -f my-app-v2.yaml'.
2. Create a Service for tne new Deployment: - Create a new Service file called 'my-app-v2-service.yaml'. - Define the 'selector' to match the labels of the 'my-app-v2 Deployment. - Set the 'type' to 'LoadBalancer' or 'NodePort' (depending on your environment) to expose the service. - Create the Service using 'kubectl apply -f my-app-v2-service.yaml"
3. Create an Ingress (or Route) for traffic routing: - Create an Ingress (or Route) file called 'my-app-ingress.yaml' - Define the 'host' to match your domain or subdomain. - Use a 'rules' section with two 'http' rules: one for the original Deployment C my-app-service' in this example) and one tor the new Deployment my- app-v2-service' in this example). - Define a 'path' for each rule to define the traffic routing. For example, you could route 'r to 'my-app-service' and ','v2 to 'my-app-v2-services - Create the Ingress (or Route) using 'kubectl apply -f my-app-ingress.yaml'
4. Test the new version: - Access the my-app.example.com/v2 endpoint to test the new version of your application. - Validate the functionality of the new version. 5. Gradually shift traffic: - You can adjust the 'path' rules in the Ingress (or Route) to gradually shift traffic to the new version. For example, you could define a 'path' like S/v2/beta' and then later change it to '/v2 - Alternatively, you can use a LoadBalancer controller like Kubernetes Ingress Controller (Nginx or Traefik) to configure traffic splitting using weights or headers. 6. Validate the transition: - Continue monitoring traffic and application health during the gradual shift. - Ensure a smooth transition to the new version without impacting users. 7. Delete the old Deployment and Service: - Once all traffic is shifted to the new version and you are confident in its performance, delete the old Deployment and Service C kubectl delete deployment my-app' and 'kubectl delete service my-app-service') to complete the blue/green deployment process. Note: This is a simplified example. In a real production environment, you would likely need to implement additional steps for: - Health checks: Ensure the new version is healthy before shifting traffic. - Rollback: Implement a rollback mechanism to quickly revert to the previous version if needed. - Configuration management: Store and manage configuration settings consistently across deployments. - Monitoring and logging: Monitor the new version for performance and health issues. ,
NEW QUESTION # 200
......
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