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| Section | Weight | Objectives |
|---|---|---|
| Topic 1: VM Deployment and Provisioning | 10% | - Cloud Init
|
| Topic 2: Container Virtualization | 25% | - Container Virtualization Concepts
|
| Topic 3: Full Virtualization | 25% | - Virtualization Concepts and Theory
|
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NEW QUESTION # 113
Which directory is used bycloud-initto store status information and configuration information retrieved from external sources?
Answer: C
Explanation:
Explanation
cloud-init uses the /var/lib/cloud/ directory to store status information and configuration information retrieved from external sources, such as the cloud platform'smetadata service or user data files. The directory contains subdirectories for different types of data, such as instance, data, handlers, scripts, and sem. The instance subdirectory contains information specific to the current instance, such as the instance ID, the user data, and the cloud-init configuration. The data subdirectory contains information about the data sources that cloud-init detected and used. The handlers subdirectory contains information about the handlers that cloud-init executed.
The scripts subdirectory contains scripts that cloud-init runs at different stages of the boot process, such as per-instance, per-boot, per-once, and vendor. The sem subdirectory contains semaphore files that cloud-init uses to track the execution status of different modules and stages. References:
* Configuring and managing cloud-init for RHEL 8 - Red Hat Customer Portal
* vsphere - what is the linux file location where the cloud-init user ...
NEW QUESTION # 114
Which of the following KVM parameters is identical to the KVM parameter -hdb file.img?
Answer: B
Explanation:
In QEMU/KVM, the legacy parameter -hdb file.img attaches a disk image as theprimary IDE slave device.
According to QEMU documentation, this corresponds to an IDE device withindex 1, media typedisk, and interfaceIDE.
The modern equivalent using the -drive syntax is:
-drive file=file.img,index=1,media=disk,if=ide
OptionDmatches this mapping precisely. The other options use invalid or unsupported parameter combinations and do not correctly represent the IDE device mapping.
Therefore, the correct answer isD.
NEW QUESTION # 115
Which of the following statements about the commandlxc-checkpointis correct?
Answer: A
Explanation:
Explanation
The command lxc-checkpoint is used to checkpoint and restore containers. Checkpointing a container means saving the state of the container, including its memory, processes, file descriptors, and network connections, to a file or a directory. Restoring a container means resuming the container from the saved state, as if it was never stopped. Checkpointing and restoring containers can be useful for various purposes, such as live migration, backup, debugging, or snapshotting. The command lxc-checkpoint has the following syntax:
lxc-checkpoint {-n name} {-D path} [-r] [-s] [-v] [-d] [-F]
The options are:
* -n name: Specify the name of the container to checkpoint or restore.
* -D path: Specify the path to the file or directory where the checkpoint data is dumped or restored.
* -r, --restore: Restore the checkpoint for the container, instead of dumping it. This option is incompatible with -s.
* -s, --stop: Optionally stop the container after dumping. This option is incompatible with -r.
* -v, --verbose: Enable verbose criu logging. Only available when providing -r.
* -d, --daemon: Restore the container in the background (this is the default). Only available when providing -r.
* -F, --foreground: Restore the container in the foreground. Only available when providing -r.
The command lxc-checkpoint uses the CRIU (Checkpoint/Restore In Userspace) tool to perform the checkpoint and restore operations. CRIU is a software that can freeze a running application (or part of it) and checkpoint it to a hard drive as a collection of files. It can then use the files to restore and run the application from the point it was frozen at1.
The other statements about the command lxc-checkpoint are not correct. It does not create a clone or an image of a container, nor does it double the memory consumptionof the container. It can work on both running and stopped containers, depending on the options provided. References:
* Linux Containers - LXC - Manpages - lxc-checkpoint.12
* lxc-checkpoint(1) - Linux manual page - man7.org3
* CRIU4
NEW QUESTION # 116
Xen is a:
Answer: B
Explanation:
Xen is classified as a Type 1 (bare-metal) hypervisor, meaning it runs directly on the system hardware rather than on top of a host operating system. Virtualization documentation defines Type 1 hypervisors as having direct control over CPU, memory, and hardware resources, providing better performance and stronger isolation compared to Type 2 hypervisors.
In a Xen-based system, the hypervisor is loaded first during boot. A privileged management domain, known as Domain 0 (Dom0), is then started to manage hardware access and virtual machine lifecycle operations.
This architecture clearly differentiates Xen from hosted (Type 2) hypervisors such as VirtualBox.
Xen is not merely a management tool or application virtualization platform; it is a full hypervisor used in enterprise, cloud, and service provider environments. Therefore, the correct answer is B.
NEW QUESTION # 117
A clone of a previously used virtual machine should be created. All VM specific information, such as user accounts, shell histories and SSH host keys should be removed from the cloned disk image. Which of the following tools can perform these tasks?
Answer: A
Explanation:
Sysprep is a tool that removes all your personal account and security information, and then prepares the machine to be used as an image. It is supported by Windows and some Linux distributions. It can also remove drivers and other machine-specific settings. Sysprep is required when creating a managed image outside of a gallery in Azure
https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/virtual-machines/generalize
NEW QUESTION # 118
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