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| Section | Weight | Objectives |
|---|---|---|
| Special Collections | 12% | - Blood cultures & sterile collection - Glucose tolerance & dynamic tests - Pediatric & geriatric collections - Therapeutic drug monitoring - Blood alcohol & legal collections |
| Specimen Processing & Handling | 14% | - Aliquoting & preservation - Documentation & tracking - Transport & storage requirements - Processing & centrifugation - Specimen rejection criteria |
| Patient Preparation | 20% | - Requisition review & test verification - Patient identification & verification - Site selection & preparation - Informed consent & communication - Patient positioning & comfort |
| Routine Blood Collections | 28% | - Venipuncture techniques & equipment - Tourniquet use & vein assessment - Post-collection care & labeling - Capillary puncture procedures - Order of draw & tube selection |
| Safety and Compliance | 26% | - HIPAA & patient confidentiality - PPE & sharps disposal - Bloodborne pathogens & exposure control - Quality control & error prevention - Infection control & OSHA standards |
>> NHA Phlebotomy-Technician Exam Answers <<
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NEW QUESTION # 122
A phlebotomist uses a point-of-care instrument to perform a prothrombin time/INR test on a patient that results in a critical value. Which of the following type of medication should the phlebotomist expect to see on the patient's medication list?
Answer: A
Explanation:
A prothrombin time/INR test evaluates the extrinsic and common coagulation pathways and is commonly used to monitor anticoagulant therapy, especially warfarin. Therefore, when a PT/INR point-of-care result is critically abnormal, the medication category most expected on the patient's list is anticoagulants. Anticoagulants interfere with clot formation and can prolong PT/INR values, creating an increased bleeding risk if outside the therapeutic range. Opioids are analgesics and do not directly monitor through PT/INR. Antidiabetics are associated with glucose monitoring, not coagulation testing. Statins are lipid-lowering medications and are usually monitored through lipid panels and liver-related considerations, not PT/INR. A critical PT/INR value must be handled according to facility policy, documented accurately, and reported through the correct clinical pathway; the phlebotomist does not interpret or treat the result independently. The NHA CPT outline covers point-of-care testing, critical values for POC and CLIA-waived testing, hemostasis, coagulation, and reporting requirements. Reference topics: Special Collections; point-of-care testing; hemostasis and coagulation; critical value reporting.
NEW QUESTION # 123
A patient starts convulsing during a blood collection. Which of the following actions should the phlebotomist take?
Answer: C
Explanation:
If a patient begins convulsing during blood collection, the phlebotomist's priority is patient safety and prevention of injury. From the choices provided, allowing the patient's limbs to move freely is correct because the phlebotomist should not restrain the patient during a seizure. Restraining can cause musculoskeletal injury and does not stop the seizure. In actual procedure, the phlebotomist should immediately stop the draw when safe, remove the tourniquet and needle, activate the safety device, call for help, protect the patient from surrounding hazards, and follow emergency protocol. Continuing the collection is unsafe because seizure activity can cause needle movement, vein trauma, needlestick exposure, and specimen compromise. A cold compress is more relevant to swelling, bruising, or selected local complications, not active convulsions. Orange juice may be appropriate only for a conscious patient with suspected hypoglycemia who can swallow safely; it is unsafe during convulsions. The NHA CPT outline includes recognizing seizures and other complications during routine blood collection, discontinuing the draw if needed, emergency response, and first aid. Reference topics: Safety and Compliance; Routine Blood Collections; seizure response; emergency care during collection.
NEW QUESTION # 124
A patient calls about their laboratory results, which the phlebotomist has just retrieved from the office fax machine. Which of the following actions should the phlebotomist take?
Answer: C
Explanation:
The phlebotomist should give the report to the requesting provider to review and notify the patient. Laboratory results are protected health information and often require clinical interpretation. A phlebotomist should not independently review, interpret, or communicate diagnostic results unless facility policy specifically authorizes a defined action. Telling the patient the results directly can create legal, privacy, and clinical risks, especially if the result is abnormal or requires medical explanation. Asking a laboratory supervisor to interpret and report the results is also inappropriate unless that person is the authorized provider or designated reporting professional. Telling the patient to pick up results may violate release-of-information procedures and still bypass provider review. The safe workflow is to route the report to the ordering provider or authorized clinical team for interpretation, documentation, and patient notification. Reference topics: Processing Specimens; communication of results; confidentiality; HIPAA; scope of practice; postanalytical handling. NHA CPT competencies include legal responsibilities, patient confidentiality, documentation, and result communication workflows.
NEW QUESTION # 125
A phlebotomist has just performed quality control measurements on a glucose monitor. The values exceed the acceptable limits. Which of the following actions should the phlebotomist take?
Answer: C
Explanation:
When glucose monitor quality control values exceed acceptable limits, the phlebotomist should perform the manufacturer's recommended actions. Out-of-range QC means the instrument, strips, controls, operator technique, storage conditions, or environmental factors may be unreliable. Patient testing should not proceed until the problem is corrected and QC results return to acceptable range according to the device instructions and facility procedure. Cleaning the monitor may be part of troubleshooting, but it is not automatically the complete or correct response unless the manufacturer's protocol identifies contamination as the cause. Replacing batteries may be appropriate only if the device indicates low power or the manufacturer's instructions direct it. Documenting the values is necessary, but documentation alone does not correct the failed QC or validate patient results. The correct professional action is to follow the device-specific troubleshooting and QC procedure, repeat controls when indicated, remove defective materials from use, and notify the appropriate supervisor if unresolved. NHA CPT competencies include point-of-care testing, quality control, CLIA-waived testing, equipment maintenance, and accurate documentation. Reference topics: Special Collections; point-of-care glucose testing; quality control; manufacturer instructions.
NEW QUESTION # 126
A blood specimen is rejected by the laboratory for testing. Which of the following actions should the phlebotomist take?
Answer: B
Explanation:
The phlebotomist should contact the patient to repeat the venipuncture collection, following facility policy and provider notification procedures. A rejected specimen cannot be tested reliably, so the practical correction is recollection using the proper tube, volume, labeling, handling, and transport requirements. Waiting until the next yearly visit is unacceptable because the ordered test was needed for current clinical care. Shredding documentation is improper unless performed under approved records-management procedures, and it does not solve the missing valid specimen. Sending laboratory results by mail is impossible or inappropriate when the specimen was rejected and no valid result exists. Specimen rejection usually results from preanalytical problems such as wrong tube, insufficient volume, hemolysis, clotting in an anticoagulant tube, unlabeled or mislabeled specimen, expired supplies, improper temperature, or delayed transport. The phlebotomist's job is to correct the collection failure promptly and prevent recurrence. Reference topics: Processing Specimens; specimen rejection; recollection; preanalytical error; specimen integrity.
NEW QUESTION # 127
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