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질문 # 248
A security analyst is reviewing a recent vulnerability scan report for a new server infrastructure. The analyst would like to make the best use of time by resolving the most critical vulnerability first. The following information is provided:
Which of the following should the analyst concentrate remediation efforts on first?
정답:A
설명:
SVR02 has a CVSS score of 7.1 and is exploitable, making itthe highest priority for remediation.
SVR01 (CVSS 8.9) is not exploitable, so it is a lower risk.
SVR03 (CVSS 3.5) is exploitablebut has alower severitythan SVR02.
SVR04 (CVSS 6.7) is not exploitable, reducing its urgency.
Thus,B (SVR02) is the correct answer, as it presentsthe highest immediate risk.
질문 # 249
A security analyst is developing a script to filter firewall vulnerabilities.
The script will impact the integrity of data hosted on devices connected to networks.
Which of the following is a CVSS v4.0 that the analyst can use to test a true positive for the script?
정답:A
설명:
This CVSS v4.0 vector reflects a local attack (AV:L) requiring low privileges (PR:L) and has a high impact on integrity (VI:H) and high impact on confidentiality and availability (VC:H, VA:H). This matches the scenario where the script impacts data integrity on connected devices - indicating a valid true positive test case.
질문 # 250
A security administrator has found indications of dictionary attacks against the company's external-facing portal.
Which of the following should be implemented to best mitigate the password attacks?
정답:B
설명:
Dictionary attacks involve an attacker attempting to guess passwords by using a list of common passwords. Implementing a lockout policy is effective because it limits the number of login attempts, thereby hindering the attacker's ability to repeatedly attempt different passwords. Lockout policies are standard in cybersecurity practices to prevent brute-force and dictionary attacks by temporarily disabling an account after a certain number of failed login attempts. According to CompTIA Security+ standards, password complexity (option B) and multifactor authentication (option A) are helpful but are not as immediately effective in directly preventing repeated attempts as a lockout policy.
질문 # 251
A security analyst notices the following proxy log entries:
Which of the following is the user attempting to do based on the log entries?
정답:A
설명:
Scanning the network is what the user is attempting to do based on the log entries. The log entries show that the user is sending ping requests to various IP addresses on different ports using a proxy server. Ping requests are a common network diagnostic tool that can be used to test network connectivity and latency by sending packets of data and measuring their response time. However, ping requests can also be used by attackers to scan the network and discover active hosts, open ports, or potential vulnerabilities .
질문 # 252
A company brings in a consultant to make improvements to its website. After the consultant leaves. a web developer notices unusual activity on the website and submits a suspicious file containing the following code to the security team:
Which of the following did the consultant do?
정답:A
설명:
The correct answer is A. Implanted a backdoor.
A backdoor is a method that allows an unauthorized user to access a system or network without the permission or knowledge of the owner. A backdoor can be installed by exploiting a software vulnerability, by using malware, or by physically modifying the hardware or firmware of the device. A backdoor can be used for various malicious purposes, such as stealing data, installing malware, executing commands, or taking control of the system.
In this case, the consultant implanted a backdoor in the website by using an HTML and PHP code snippet that displays an image of a shutdown button and an alert message that says "Exit". However, the code also echoes the remote address of the server, which means that it sends the IP address of the visitor to the attacker. This way, the attacker can identify and target the visitors of the website and use their IP addresses to launch further attacks or gain access to their devices.
The code snippet is an example of a clickjacking attack, which is a type of interface-based attack that tricks a user into clicking on a hidden or disguised element on a webpage. However, clickjacking is not the main goal of the consultant, but rather a means to implant the backdoor. Therefore, option C is incorrect.
Option B is also incorrect because privilege escalation is an attack technique that allows an attacker to gain higher or more permissions than they are supposed to have on a system or network. Privilege escalation can be achieved by exploiting a software vulnerability, by using malware, or by abusing misconfigurations or weak access controls. However, there is no evidence that the consultant implemented privilege escalation on the website or gained any elevated privileges.
Option D is also incorrect because patching is a process of applying updates to software to fix errors, improve performance, or enhance security. Patching can prevent or mitigate various types of attacks, such as exploits, malware infections, or denial-of-service attacks. However, there is no indication that the consultant patched the web server or improved its security in any way.
References:
1 What Is a Backdoor & How to Prevent Backdoor Attacks (2023)
2 What is Clickjacking? Tutorial & Examples | Web Security Academy
3 What Is Privilege Escalation and How It Relates to Web Security | Acunetix
4 What Is Patching? | Best Practices For Patch Management - cWatch Blog
질문 # 253
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