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Amazon SCS-C03 Exam Syllabus Topics:

Section	Weight	Objectives
Topic 1: Threat Detection and Incident Response	14%	- Incident response procedures 1. Identify and investigate security incidents in AWS environments 2. Automate response using AWS services (Lambda, CloudWatch, EventBridge) - Detection mechanisms 1. AWS Security Hub findings aggregation 2. Amazon GuardDuty threat detection
Topic 2: Infrastructure Security	20%	- Network security 1. Security groups and NACLs 2. VPC design and segmentation - Compute security 1. Container security (ECS/EKS basics) 2. EC2 instance hardening
Topic 3: Logging and Monitoring	18%	- Monitoring and alerting 1. Amazon CloudWatch metrics and alarms 2. Centralized security monitoring strategies - Audit logging 1. AWS Config configuration tracking 2. AWS CloudTrail logging and analysis
Topic 4: Management, Governance and Compliance	14%	- Compliance and auditing 1. AWS Artifact compliance reports 2. Security best practices alignment (CIS, NIST) - Governance frameworks 1. Multi-account security strategy 2. AWS Organizations and SCPs
Topic 5: Identity and Access Management	16%	- AWS IAM fundamentals 1. Users, groups, roles, and policies 2. Least privilege access design - Federation and access control 1. IAM Identity Center (SSO) 2. Federated identity with SAML/OIDC
Topic 6: Data Protection	18%	- Data security services 1. Secrets Manager and Parameter Store 2. Amazon S3 security controls - Encryption and key management 1. Encryption at rest and in transit 2. AWS KMS key management

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Amazon AWS Certified Security - Specialty Sample Questions (Q84-Q89):

NEW QUESTION # 84
A company has AWS accounts in an organization in AWS Organizations. The organization includes a dedicated security account.
All AWS account activity across all member accounts must be logged and reported to the dedicated security account. The company must retain all the activity logs in a secure storage location within the dedicated security account for 2 years. No changes or deletions of the logs are allowed.
Which combination of steps will meet these requirements with the LEAST operational overhead?
(Select TWO.)

A. In the dedicated security account, create an Amazon S3 bucket. Configure S3 Object Lock in compliance mode with a retention period of 2 years. Set the bucket policy to allow the organization's member accounts to write to the S3 bucket.
B. Turn on AWS CloudTrail in each account and forward logs to the dedicated security account by using AWS Lambda and Amazon Data Firehose.
C. Create an AWS CloudTrail organization trail. Configure logs to be delivered to the Amazon S3 bucket in the dedicated security account.
D. In the dedicated security account, create an Amazon S3 bucket with an S3 Lifecycle configuration that expires objects after 2 years. Allow member accounts to write to the bucket.
E. In the dedicated security account, create an Amazon S3 bucket. Configure S3 Object Lock in compliance mode with a retention period of 2 years. Set the bucket policy to allow the organization's management account to write to the S3 bucket.

Answer: C,E

Explanation:
AWS CloudTrail organization trails are specifically designed to provide centralized, organization- wide logging with minimal operational effort. According to the AWS Certified Security - Specialty Official Study Guide, an organization trail records all management events for all member accounts and delivers them to a single Amazon S3 bucket.
To ensure that logs cannot be altered or deleted, Amazon S3 Object Lock in compliance mode must be used. Compliance mode enforces write-once-read-many (WORM) protection, meaning no user, including the root user, can delete or modify objects before the retention period expires.
This directly satisfies the requirement that no changes or deletions are allowed for 2 years.
The S3 bucket must reside in the dedicated security account to provide isolation and strong security boundaries. Granting write permissions to the organization's management account (Option A) aligns with AWS best practices, because the management account owns and manages the organization trail and centrally delivers logs on behalf of all member accounts.

NEW QUESTION # 85
A company ' s public website consists of an Application Load Balancer (ALB), a set of Amazon EC2 instances that run a stateless application behind the ALB, and an Amazon DynamoDB table from which the application reads data. The company is concerned about malicious scanning and DDoS attacks. The company wants to impose a restriction in which each client IP address can read the data only3 times in any 5-minute period.
Which solution will meet this requirement with the LEAST effort?

A. Set up AWS WAF in front of the ALB. Create a rule that blocks requests that exceed the limit of 3 requests in any 5-minute period for each IP address.
B. Modify the EC2 application to count the source IP address of requests and calculate a rolling 5-minute sum. Return an error message if the count sum is greater than 3.
C. Add source IP address and request time to the DynamoDB table. Add a 5-minute TTL setting based on request time. Change the read capacity of the DynamoDB table throughput to 3.
D. Create an AWS Lambda function based on an Amazon CloudWatch request. Configure the Lambda function to count the requests for each IP address in rolling 5-minute intervals and to provide notification if the count exceeds 3.

Answer: A

Explanation:
This is a classic Layer 7 rate-limiting requirement tied toclient IPand atime window, and AWS WAF provides this natively withrate-based rules. Placing AWS WAF in front of the ALB allows the company to count requests per source IP over a rolling window and take action (block, CAPTCHA/challenge, or count depending on configuration) once the threshold is exceeded. This approach mitigates scanning and application-layer request floods early, before requests consume EC2 or DynamoDB capacity, and it requires minimal custom code or operational work.
Options B and C require building and maintaining custom counting logic (either in Lambda or in the application), which increases complexity and risk of errors, and it also introduces operational overhead for scaling state tracking across many IPs. Option D is not appropriate: altering DynamoDB capacity does not enforce "per-IP reads," and storing per-request metadata in the same table is an anti-pattern that increases write load and complexity.
Therefore, using AWS WAF rate-based protection at the ALB is the least-effort, most effective solution.

NEW QUESTION # 86
A company is operating an open-source software platform that is internet facing. The legacy software platform no longer receives security updates. The software platform operates using Amazon Route 53 weighted load balancing to send traffic to two Amazon EC2 instances that connect to an Amazon RDS cluster. A recent report suggests this software platform is vulnerable to SQL injection attacks, with samples of attacks provided. The company's security engineer must secure this system against SQL injection attacks within 24 hours. The solution must involve the least amount of effort and maintain normal operations during implementation.
What should the security engineer do to meet these requirements?

A. Create an Amazon CloudFront distribution specifying one EC2 instance as an origin. Create an AWS WAF web ACL containing rules that protect the application from this attack, then apply it to the distribution. Test to ensure the vulnerability has been mitigated, then redirect the Route 53 records to point to CloudFront.
B. Create an Application Load Balancer with the existing EC2 instances as a target group. Create an AWS WAF web ACL containing rules that protect the application from this attack, then apply it to the ALB.
Test to ensure the vulnerability has been mitigated, then redirect the Route 53 records to point to the ALB. Update security groups on the EC2 instances to prevent direct access from the internet.
C. Obtain the latest source code for the platform and make the necessary updates. Test the updated code to ensure that the vulnerability has been mitigated, then deploy the patched version of the platform to the EC2 instances.
D. Update the security group that is attached to the EC2 instances, removing access from the internet to the TCP port used by the SQL database. Create an AWS WAF web ACL containing rules that protect the application from this attack, then apply it to the EC2 instances.

Answer: B

NEW QUESTION # 87
A security engineer has designed a VPC to segment private traffic from public traffic. The VPC includes two Availability Zones. The security engineer has provisioned each Availability Zone with one private subnet and one public subnet. The security engineer has created three route tables for use with the environment. One route table is for the public subnets, and two route tables are for the private subnets (one route table for the private subnet in each Availability Zone).
The security engineer discovers that all four subnets are attempting to route traffic out through the internet gateway that is attached to the VPC.
Which combination of steps should the security engineer take to remediate this scenario? (Select TWO.)

A. Modify the route tables that are associated with each of the private subnets. Create a new route for the destination 0.0.0.0/0. Specify the NAT gateway in the public subnet of the same Availability Zone as the target of the route.
B. Verify that a NAT gateway has been provisioned in the public subnet in each Availability Zone.
C. Modify the route tables that are associated with each of the private subnets. Create a new route for the destination 0.0.0.0/0. Specify the internet gateway as the target of the route.
D. Verify that a NAT gateway has been provisioned in the private subnet in each Availability Zone.
E. Modify the route tables that are associated with each of the public subnets. Create a new route for local destinations to the VPC CIDR range.

Answer: A,B

Explanation:
In a properly segmented VPC architecture,public subnets route internet-bound traffic to an internet gateway, whileprivate subnets route outbound internet traffic through a NAT gatewaythat resides in a public subnet. According to the AWS Certified Security - Specialty Official Study Guide and Amazon VPC documentation, private subnets must never have a direct route to an internet gateway.
The issue described indicates that private subnets are incorrectly routing traffic directly to the internet gateway. To remediate this, aNAT gateway must be provisioned in each public subnetto ensure high availability across Availability Zones. This satisfies the requirement that private resources can initiate outbound connections without being directly reachable from the internet.
Next, the route tables associated with theprivate subnets must be updatedso that the default route (0.0.0.0/0) points to the NAT gateway in the same Availability Zone. This ensures proper traffic flow and prevents cross- AZ dependencies.
Option B is incorrect because NAT gateways must reside in public subnets. Option C is unnecessary because local routes to the VPC CIDR range are automatically created. Option E is explicitly insecure, as it would reintroduce direct internet gateway access from private subnets.
AWS documentation consistently identifiesNAT gateways plus correct private subnet routingas the standard design for secure VPC segmentation.
* AWS Certified Security - Specialty Official Study Guide
* Amazon VPC Route Table Documentation
* AWS Well-Architected Framework - Security Pillar

NEW QUESTION # 88
A company has configured an organization in AWS Organizations for its AWS accounts. AWS CloudTrail is enabled in all AWS Regions.
A security engineer must implement a solution toprevent CloudTrail from being disabled.
Which solution will meet this requirement?

A. Create IAM policies for all the company's users to prevent the users from performing the DescribeTrails action and the GetTrailStatus action.
B. Enable server-side encryption with AWS KMS keys (SSE-KMS) for CloudTrail logs. Create a KMS key. Attach a policy to the key to prevent decryption of the logs.
C. Enable CloudTrail log file integrity validation from the organization's management account.
D. Create a service control policy (SCP) that includes an explicitDenyrule for the cloudtrail:StopLogging action and the cloudtrail:DeleteTrail action. Attach the SCP to the root OU.

Answer: D

Explanation:
AWS CloudTrail is a foundational security service that records API activity and account events. According to the AWS Certified Security - Specialty Official Study Guide,the only way to centrally and reliably prevent CloudTrail from being disabled across multiple AWS accounts is by using AWS Organizations service control policies (SCPs).
SCPs define themaximum available permissionsfor all accounts in an organization or organizational unit.
By creating an SCP with an explicitDenyfor the cloudtrail:StopLogging and cloudtrail:DeleteTrail actions and attaching it to theroot OU, the security engineer ensures thatno principal in any member account- including administrators-can stop or delete CloudTrail trails. Explicit denies in SCPs cannot be overridden by IAM permissions.
Option A is incorrect because log file integrity validation only detects tampering after logs are delivered and does not prevent CloudTrail from being disabled. Option B protects log data at rest but does not prevent trail deletion or logging suspension. Option D removes read-only permissions and does not affect the ability to stop or delete CloudTrail.
AWS documentation explicitly states thatSCPs are the recommended mechanism to enforce mandatory security controls such as CloudTrail logging across an organization, making this the correct and most secure solution.
* AWS Certified Security - Specialty Official Study Guide
* AWS Organizations SCP Documentation
* AWS CloudTrail Security Best Practices

NEW QUESTION # 89
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