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| Section | Weight | Objectives |
|---|---|---|
| Topic 1: 802.11 Frame Exchanges | 30% | - Frame exchange troubleshooting - Frame exchange sequences - Data transfer and protection mechanisms - Association and authentication processes |
| Topic 2: MAC Sublayer and Functions | 25% | - MAC layer troubleshooting - MAC addressing and operations - MAC frame formats and types - QoS and power management |
| Topic 3: Protocol Analysis | 15% | - Troubleshooting using protocol data - Capture and decode process - Protocol analysis fundamentals - Analysis tools and methods |
| Topic 4: PHY Layers and Technologies | 10% | - Modulation and coding schemes - Channelization and frequency usage - PHY layer troubleshooting - 802.11 physical layer standards |
| Topic 5: Spectrum Analysis | 10% | - Interference detection and classification - Spectrum analysis tools - RF spectrum fundamentals - Troubleshooting RF issues |
| Topic 6: WLAN Medium Access | 10% | - Contention and coordination functions - Medium access performance analysis - Medium access related issues - CSMA/CA and medium access rules |
>> Pass CWAP-405 Test Guide <<
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NEW QUESTION # 111
Using a portable analyzer you perform a packet capture next to a client STA and you can see that the STA is associated to a BSS. You observe the STA sending packets to the AP and the AP sending packets to the STA.
Less than 2% of all packets are retransmissions. You move to capture packets by the AP and, while the retry rate is still less than 2%, you now only see unidirectional traffic from the AP to the client. How do you explain this behavior?
Answer: D
Explanation:
Receive sensitivity is the minimum signal level that a receiver can detect and decode. Different devices may have different receive sensitivity levels depending on their hardware specifications and antenna configurations. In this scenario, the portable analyzer has a lower receive sensitivity than the AP, meaning that it requires a stronger signal to capture the packets from the client STA. The AP, on the other hand, has a higher receive sensitivity and can receive the packets from the client STA even if they have a weaker signal. This explains why the portable analyzer can only see unidirectional traffic from the AP to the client when capturing near the AP5 References:
* CWAP-403 Study Guide, Chapter 4: PHY Layer Analysis, page 121
* CWAP-403 Objectives, Section 4.3: Analyze PHY layer metrics
NEW QUESTION # 112
Which one of the statements regarding the Frame Control field in an 802.11 MAC header is true?
Answer: A
Explanation:
The statement that the Frame Control field contains subfields, and some 1-bit flags is true. The Frame Control field is a 2-byte field in the MAC header that contains information about the type, subtype, and characteristics of a frame. The Frame Control field is divided into several subfields, each with a specific function and length.
Some of these subfields are 1-bit flags, which can be set to 0 or 1 to indicate a certain condition or status. For example, the To DS and From DS subfields are 1-bit flags that indicate whether a frame is destined for or originated from the DS (Distribution System). The other statements are not true, as they do not describe the Frame Control field correctly. All types of frames (management, control, and data) have a Frame Control field, not just control frames. The Frame Control field is not used to communicate the duration value, which is a separate field in the MAC header. The Frame Control field is not always set to 0, as it varies depending on the type, subtype, and characteristics of each frame. References: [Wireless Analysis Professional Study Guide CWAP-405], Chapter 5: 802.11 MAC Sublayer, page 113-114
NEW QUESTION # 113
The PHY layer provides framing by adding a header to create what type of data unit?
Answer: C
Explanation:
The PHY layer provides framing by adding a header to create a PPDU. A PPDU (PHY Protocol Data Unit) is the data unit that is transmitted or received over the wireless medium by the PHY layer. A PPDU consists of a PSDU (PHY Service Data Unit) and a PHY header, which contains information such as modulation, coding, and data rate. The PHY layer adds the PHY header to the PSDU to create a PPDU for transmission, or removes the PHY header from the PPDU to extract the PSDU for reception. The other options are not correct, as they are not created by adding a header at the PHY layer. An MPDU (MAC Protocol Data Unit) is created by adding a MAC header and FCS to an MSDU (MAC Service Data Unit) at the MAC layer. An MSDU is the data unit that is passed from the LLC sublayer to the MAC sublayer or vice versa. References: [Wireless Analysis Professional Study Guide CWAP-405], Chapter 4: 802.11 Physical Layer, page 97-98
NEW QUESTION # 114
VoIP is used heavily in your organization. You must troubleshoot problems with dropped calls on the WLAN.
What is a common cause of dropped calls when using Wi-Fi VoIP phones?
Answer: B
NEW QUESTION # 115
Which piece of information is not transmitted in an HT PPDU header?
Answer: A
Explanation:
The HT PPDU header conveys transmission parameters such as the MCS index, which implies the number of spatial streams and modulation/coding scheme, as well as the length of the PPDU.
The channel number is not included in the PHY header because both transmitter and receiver are already operating on the same channel, and that information is determined by the radio configuration rather than signaled within the PPDU.
NEW QUESTION # 116
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