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| Section | Objectives |
|---|---|
| Insurance Operations | - Underwriting principles - Claims handling process |
| Financial Services and Markets | - Insurance and capital markets interaction - Financial system overview |
| Risk Management and Regulation | - Regulatory framework in insurance - Risk identification and control |
| Insurance and Business Environment | - Structure of the insurance market - Role of insurers, intermediaries, and regulators |
| Accounting and Financial Statements | - Interpreting financial statements - Basic accounting concepts |
| Insurance Principles and Practice | - Risk and insurance principles - Policy structure and contract fundamentals |
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質問 # 54
Under the activity-based costing system used by the insurer, a department regarded as a profit centre will...?
正解：B
解説：
Activity-based costing (ABC) allocates overhead costs based on the specific activities that drive those costs, using appropriate cost drivers. A "profit centre" is a department or division that is accountable for both its revenues and its costs, and thus its resulting profit. In an ABC framework, central support functions (like IT, HR, or facilities) do not provide their services for free. Instead, the profit centre will be invoiced by the central department on a cost-per-unit basis for the specific services consumed. For example, the IT department may invoice an underwriting profit centre per hour of system analysis used to develop a new policy administration system. This internal charging mechanism ensures accurate product profitability analysis and makes profit centre managers conscious of the full resource cost of their decisions. This is a core concept within Management Accounting and Budgeting, systems like these feed into the Codified Management System mentioned elsewhere, ensuring the internal "control cycle" of budget versus actual performance is robust.
質問 # 55
Under the Solvency II rules, what is a calculation kernel?
正解：D
解説：
As the final question in the set confirms, under the Solvency II rules, a calculation kernel is precisely defined as "The model used in the quantification of capital requirements for all risk categories." It is the logical and mathematical core of an internal model that integrates the quantified impact and probability layers for all specified risks (underwriting, market, credit, operational) and their correlation structures. The kernel takes the probability distributions as inputs and, through a series of algorithms, aggregates them to produce a single overall loss distribution. From this, the Solvency Capital Requirement (SCR) is derived at the 99.5% confidence level over a one-year time horizon. The kernel's design and validation are central to the capital adequacy "use test." The PRA and rating agencies would intensely scrutinize it, because the quality of this kernel directly determines the reliability of the Individual Capital Guidance and the overall financial strength rating as a measure of claims-paying ability.
質問 # 56
The chief actuary of an insurance company is usually responsible for what?
正解：D
解説：
The chief actuary's core technical responsibility is the pricing of new and existing insurance products. This function requires applying actuarial principles to estimate future claim frequencies and severities, expense loadings, and investment return assumptions to ensure premiums are adequate, competitive, and not unfairly discriminatory. The actuary is the custodian of the technical provisions, ensuring that liabilities are accurately valued. This role is deeply embedded within the technical underwriting cycle. Other options represent distinct corporate functions: internal audit is an independent assurance role, sales and marketing focuses on distribution and brand, and financial accounting is the domain of the chief financial officer, who would use the actuarial valuations in the balance sheet under the principles of Financial Accounting. As per the source material, this technical pricing specialization distinguishes the chief actuary's role from other senior management functions. Their work directly influences the solvency margin and the company's financial strength, as the accurate valuation of liabilities is the bedrock upon which capital adequacy is assessed, linking their work to the Capital Management and Solvency main topics.
質問 # 57
What is the consequence of using some of the reserves to fund a new project?
正解：B
解説：
Reserves, in this context, refer to distributable profits or capital reserves, not the technical claims reserves (which are a liability for policyholders). If a company redeploys some of these free reserves to fund a new project, it is choosing to reinvest its capital rather than holding it as a liquid buffer or distributing it. The direct consequence, as confirmed by the source, is that any subsequent increase in profits generated from this new project will increase the overall pool of profits from which shareholder dividends are paid. This is a strategic capital management decision, balancing the reinvestment of retained earnings for growth against the immediate return of capital to shareholders. While using reserves reduces the immediate liquid net asset position, it is done with the expectation of generating a return on equity that exceeds the cost of capital. This action links directly to the Risk Management topic, where a strategic decision to invest in a project with a viable internal rate of return must be squared with the need to maintain the solvency coverage ratio above the Individual Capital Guidance provided by the PRA.
質問 # 58
A risk assessment rating framework assesses risks based on:
正解：D
解説：
Every formal risk assessment framework, including the one underpinning an insurer's Solvency II internal model and Own Risk and Solvency Assessment (ORSA), fundamentally evaluates risks by two core dimensions: impact and probability . Impact measures the severity of the financial or operational damage if a risk event occurs (e.g., the effect on the solvency coverage ratio). Probability assesses the likelihood of the event occurring within a defined time horizon. By mapping each identified risk on a heat map of impact versus probability, management can define the risk profile and prioritize mitigation, a core concept in the Capital Management and Solvency topic. The source confirms this as the basis of a risk assessment rating framework. The other pairings, such as cost/benefit or liquidity/solvency, are other types of analysis, but impact and probability are the direct inputs into the calculation kernel that then produces the outputs informing the insurer's capital adequacy and Individual Capital Guidance.
質問 # 59
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