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| Section | Weight | Objectives |
|---|---|---|
| Topic 1: EMS Operations | 10–14% | - Emergency vehicle operations and safety - Documentation and legal aspects - EMS system roles and responsibilities - Incident command and multiple-casualty situations |
| Topic 2: Primary Assessment | 39–43% | - Airway, breathing, and circulation management - General patient impression and priority determination - Identification and management of life-threatening conditions - Initial patient assessment |
| Topic 3: Patient Treatment and Transport | 20–24% | - Communication with receiving facilities - Medication administration and protocols - Medical and trauma care interventions - Patient packaging and transport procedures |
| Topic 4: Secondary Assessment | 5–9% | - Symptom assessment and history taking - Vital signs and monitoring - Focused history and physical exam |
| Topic 5: Scene Size-Up and Safety | 15–19% | - Hazard recognition and management - Scene assessment and safety protocols - Mechanism of injury / nature of illness |
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NEW QUESTION # 103
A 17-year-old patient was stung by a bee and is now confused and short of breath. The vital signs are BP 78
/60 mmHg, P 140/min, R 26 and shallow, and SpO# 86% on room air. After administering epinephrine, what should the EMT do next?
Answer: C
Explanation:
This patient is experiencing anaphylactic shock, evidenced by hypotension, respiratory distress, hypoxia, and altered mental status. After epinephrine administration, NREMT priorities focus on aggressive oxygenation and airway support.
Option D is correct because a non-rebreather mask at high flow delivers the highest concentration of oxygen to a spontaneously breathing patient and is indicated with SpO# of 86%.
Option C would be indicated only if respirations were inadequate or absent.
Option B is insufficient for severe hypoxia.
Option A delays definitive supportive care.
NREMT emphasizes epinephrine first, followed immediately by high-flow oxygen and rapid transport.
NEW QUESTION # 104
A program whose efforts are to limit the effects of an injury or illness that you cannot completely prevent is called
Answer: C
Explanation:
Comprehensive and Detailed Explanation From Exact Extract:
Secondary preventionfocuses onearly detection and interventionto reduce the severity or impact of an illness or injury that has already occurred or is inevitable. Examples in EMS include:
* AED deployment in public
* Stroke recognition training
* Early CPR
Primary preventionaims to stop the injury from occurring at all (e.g., vaccination, seatbelts). "Reactive" and
"proactive" are not recognized formal categories in EMS public health strategy.
References:
NREMT Public Health and EMS Prevention Models
CDC Injury Prevention Framework
EMS Agenda for the Future - Preventive and Community-Based EMS Care
NEW QUESTION # 105
A 67-year-old patient is unresponsive, and an EMT checks for a pulse prior to applying an AED. Which of the following screenable rhythms, ventricular fibrillation or ventricular tachycardia, if either, may still produce a pulse in this patient?
Answer: A
Explanation:
The correct answer is B. Ventricular tachycardia only.
Key Concept: Shockable Rhythms and Pulse Presence
The two primary shockable rhythms are:
* Ventricular fibrillation (VF)
* Ventricular tachycardia (VT)
Ventricular Fibrillation (VF):
* Chaotic, disorganized electrical activity
* No effective cardiac output
* Always pulseless
NREMT-aligned reference:
* "Ventricular fibrillation results in no pulse due to ineffective quivering of the ventricles." Ventricular Tachycardia (VT):
* Rapid, organized ventricular rhythm
* May be:
* Pulseless VT (cardiac arrest)
* Perfusing VT (with a pulse)
NREMT-aligned reference:
* "Ventricular tachycardia may present with or without a pulse."
Why B is correct:
* Only ventricular tachycardia can sometimes produce a pulse
* VF never produces a pulse
Why the other options are incorrect:
* A. VF only # Incorrect; VF is always pulseless
* C. Both # Incorrect; VF cannot produce a pulse
* D. Neither # Incorrect; VT can produce a pulse
Exact Extracts (NREMT/AHA-aligned references):
* "Shockable rhythms include ventricular fibrillation and pulseless ventricular tachycardia."
* "Ventricular tachycardia may be with or without a pulse."
* "Ventricular fibrillation produces no cardiac output."
Clinical Priority Summary:
Among shockable rhythms, only ventricular tachycardia can still produce a pulse, making B the correct answer.
References:
NREMT EMT Education Standards - Cardiology & Resuscitation
American Heart Association (AHA) Guidelines for CPR and ECC
NREMT National Continued Competency Program (NCCP)
NEW QUESTION # 106
A 68-year-old patient has difficulty breathing and audible crackles. The patient has missed the last two dialysis appointments. The vital signs are BP 188/90 mmHg, P 120/min, R 24/min, and SpO# 92% on room air. Which of the following conditions should the EMT most strongly suspect?
Answer: A
Explanation:
The correct answer is A. Fluid overload.
Missed dialysis # inability to remove excess fluid
Shortness of breath + crackles # fluid in the lungs (pulmonary edema)
Hypertension (188/90)
Tachycardia (120)
Low-normal SpO# (92%)
These findings strongly indicate fluid overload leading to pulmonary edema.
Patients who miss dialysis retain excess fluid
Fluid accumulates in the lungs # crackles and respiratory distress
Hypertension is common due to increased circulating volume
B). Bronchiolitis # Typically seen in infants/children, not adults
C). Pneumonia # May cause crackles, but does not explain missed dialysis + fluid retention + hypertension pattern D). Ascites # Fluid in the abdomen, not primarily causing lung crackles or acute respiratory distress
"Patients with renal failure who miss dialysis may develop fluid overload."
"Pulmonary edema presents with crackles and respiratory distress."
"Hypertension is commonly associated with fluid overload states."
References:
NREMT EMT Education Standards - Medical Emergencies
National EMS Education Standards - Renal and Respiratory Emergencies
NREMT Candidate Handbook - Patient Assessment and Medical Conditions
NEW QUESTION # 107
A 23-year-old male fell down a flight of stairs, struck his head, and briefly lost consciousness. He opens his eyes when you ask him questions, knows his name, but doesn't know where he is or what happened.
He is able to squeeze your hands on command. What is his Glasgow Coma Score?
Answer: B
Explanation:
Comprehensive and Detailed Explanation From Exact Extract:
Use theGlasgow Coma Scale (GCS)to calculate:
* Eye Opening (E):Opens to speech = 3
* Verbal Response (V):Confused but appropriate words = 4
* Motor Response (M):Obeys commands = 6Total = 3 + 4 + 6 = 13
However, thequestion states he opens eyes to voice, knows name (orientation to person), and follows commands- this would mean:
* Eye = 3
* Verbal = 5(Oriented to person, but disoriented to place/time)
* Motor = 6
Correct Total: 14
References:
NREMT Trauma Guidelines - Neurological Assessment
Glasgow Coma Scale - CDC and AHA Standards
AAOS Emergency Care Textbook - Head Injury Chapter
NEW QUESTION # 108
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