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| Section | Weight | Objectives |
|---|---|---|
| Topic 1: Basics of AI | 8% | - Data Concepts (Training, Validation, Test Data) - Machine Learning Types (Supervised, Unsupervised, Reinforcement) - AI Types and Techniques - Definitions and Terminology |
| Topic 2: AI Test Methods and Techniques | 20% | - Test Oracle Techniques for AI - Black-Box Testing for AI Systems - Metamorphic Testing - Adversarial Testing |
| Topic 3: Testing AI-Specific Quality Characteristics | 20% | - Robustness Testing - Fairness and Bias Detection - Explainability and Interpretability - Accuracy, Precision, Recall, F1-Score |
| Topic 4: Practical Considerations | 12% | - Documentation and Reporting - Automation in AI Testing - Test Data Quality and Preparation - Test Environment Setup for AI |
| Topic 5: Testing AI-Based Systems | 20% | - Challenges in Testing AI-Based Systems - Test Levels for AI-Based Systems - Testing AI-Specific Quality Characteristics - Bias and Fairness Considerations |
| Topic 6: Neural Networks and Deep Learning | 20% | - Model Training and Evaluation Metrics - Testing Deep Learning Models - Overfitting and Underfitting - Neural Network Architecture Basics |
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NEW QUESTION # 80
A team of software testers is attempting to create an AI algorithm to assist in software testing.
This particular team has gone through over 40 iterations of testing and cannot afford to spend as much time as it takes to run the full regression test suite. They are hoping to have the algorithm reduce the amount of testing required thus reducing the time needed for each testing cycle. How can an AI-based tool be expected to assist in this reduction?
Answer: A
Explanation:
AI-based tools can significantly optimize regression test suites by analyzing historical data, past test results, associated defects, and changes made to the software. These tools prioritize and select the most relevant test cases based on previous defect patterns and frequently failing features, which helps in reducing the test execution time while maintaining effectiveness.
NEW QUESTION # 81
Upon testing a model used to detect rotten tomatoes, the following data was observed by the test engineer, based on certain number of tomato images.
For this confusion matrix which combinations of values of accuracy, recall, and specificity respectively is CORRECT?
SELECT ONE OPTION
Answer: C
Explanation:
To calculate the accuracy, recall, and specificity from the confusion matrix provided, we use the following formulas:
* Confusion Matrix:
* Actually Rotten: 45 (True Positive), 8 (False Positive)
* Actually Fresh: 5 (False Negative), 42 (True Negative)
* Accuracy:
* Accuracy is the proportion of true results (both true positives and true negatives) in the total population.
* Formula: Accuracy=TP+TNTP+TN+FP+FN\text{Accuracy} = \frac{TP + TN}{TP + TN + FP + FN}Accuracy=TP+TN+FP+FNTP+TN
* Calculation: Accuracy=45+4245+42+8+5=87100=0.87\text{Accuracy} = \frac{45 + 42}{45 + 42
+ 8 + 5} = \frac{87}{100} = 0.87Accuracy=45+42+8+545+42=10087=0.87
* Recall (Sensitivity):
* Recall is the proportion of true positive results in the total actual positives.
* Formula: Recall=TPTP+FN\text{Recall} = \frac{TP}{TP + FN}Recall=TP+FNTP
* Calculation: Recall=4545+5=4550=0.9\text{Recall} = \frac{45}{45 + 5} = \frac{45}{50} = 0.9 Recall=45+545=5045=0.9
* Specificity:
* Specificity is the proportion of true negative results in the total actual negatives.
* Formula: Specificity=TNTN+FP\text{Specificity} = \frac{TN}{TN + FP}Specificity=TN+FPTN
* Calculation: Specificity=4242+8=4250=0.84\text{Specificity} = \frac{42}{42 + 8} = \frac{42}
{50} = 0.84Specificity=42+842=5042=0.84
Therefore, the correct combinations of accuracy, recall, and specificity are 0.87, 0.9, and 0.84 respectively.
References:
ISTQB CT-AI Syllabus, Section 5.1, Confusion Matrix, provides detailed formulas and explanations for calculating various metrics including accuracy, recall, and specificity.
"ML Functional Performance Metrics" (ISTQB CT-AI Syllabus, Section 5).
NEW QUESTION # 82
Which ONE of the following statements correctly describes the importance of flexibility for Al systems?
SELECT ONE OPTION
Answer: A
Explanation:
Flexibility in AI systems is crucial for various reasons, particularly because it allows for easier modification and adaptation of the system as a whole.
* AI systems are inherently flexible (A): This statement is not correct. While some AI systems may be designed to be flexible, they are not inherently flexible by nature. Flexibility depends on the system's design and implementation.
* AI systems require changing operational environments; therefore, flexibility is required (B):
While it's true that AI systems may need to operate in changing environments, this statement does not directly address the importance of flexibility for the modification of the system.
* Flexible AI systems allow for easier modification of the system as a whole (C): This statement correctly describes the importance of flexibility. Being able to modify AI systems easily is critical for their maintenance, adaptation to new requirements, and improvement.
* Self-learning systems are expected to deal with new situations without explicitly having to program for it (D): This statement relates to the adaptability of self-learning systems rather than their overall flexibility for modification.
Hence, the correct answer isC. Flexible AI systems allow for easier modification of the system as a whole.
References:
* ISTQB CT-AI Syllabus Section 2.1 on Flexibility and Adaptability discusses the importance of flexibility in AI systems and how it enables easier modification and adaptability to new situations.
* Sample Exam Questions document, Question #30 highlights the importance of flexibility in AI systems.
NEW QUESTION # 83
Which statement regarding flexibility and adaptability of AI-based systems is correct?
Answer: A
Explanation:
The ISTQB CT-AI syllabus defines these two concepts clearly inSection 2.1 - Flexibility and Adaptability. Flexibility is described as the ability of a system to operate in situationsnot explicitly covered in its original requirements, while adaptability refers to how easily the system can be modified to handle new environments or conditions. The syllabus stresses that both flexibility and adaptability are crucial, particularly inself-learning AI systemsthat may need to respond to changes in their environment and adjust their behavior accordingly. It states that systems must be capable of determining when and how to adjust behavior in evolving situations, especially when the operational environment is not fully known at deployment time . This directly aligns with Option A.
NEW QUESTION # 84
A facial recognition system is being deployed at airports in order to scan passengers' faces and compare them to a database of vaccinations, in order to identify unvaccinated passengers in a pandemic. There are a number of components involved including cameras, a model to segment the image, and a model to identify the face and match it against a known photograph. It is important that there are few false negatives, and that passengers cannot subvert the system. Which ONE of the following types of testing is the MOST appropriate options for the tests you would choose in system testing?
Answer: C
Explanation:
The correct answer is B. Adversarial testing . The key risk in this scenario is deliberate subversion of the facial recognition process. The syllabus defines adversarial attacks as situations where an attacker subtly perturbs valid inputs passed to a trained model so that it produces incorrect predictions. It specifically notes that image classifiers can be misled by changes that may be invisible to the human eye, causing the model to classify an image incorrectly with high confidence.
This airport system uses cameras, segmentation, and face-matching models, so adversarial inputs could include manipulated facial images, masks, presentation attacks, lighting manipulation, or other perturbations intended to create false negatives. The syllabus states that adversarial testing performs adversarial attacks to identify vulnerabilities so that preventive measures can be taken. It also identifies adversarial testing as appropriate where mishandling adversarial examples could have significant impact or where the system may be attacked.
References/topics: CT-AI Syllabus Chapter 9, Sections 9.1.1 and 9.7; Chapter 7, Section 7.2.5 "System Testing."
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NEW QUESTION # 85
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