P.S. Testpdf在Google Drive上分享了免費的、最新的L4M8考試題庫：https://drive.google.com/open?id=1uSNMGlDs0JKCkcwDuLT15eu7X5NRtrEj
L4M8認證考試是一個很難的考試。但是即使這個考試很難，報名參加考試的人也很多。如果要說為什麼，那當然是因為L4M8考試是一個非常重要的考試。對IT職員來說，沒有取得這個資格那麼會對工作帶來不好的影響。這個考試的認證資格可以給你的工作帶來很多有益的幫助，也可以幫助你晉升。總之這是一個可以給你的職業生涯帶來重大影響的考試。这么重要的考试，你也想参加吧。
該考試包括60個多項選擇問題，並定時兩個小時。這些問題基於案例研究，要求候選人在選擇最佳回答之前分析和評估所呈現的情況。該考試是基於計算機的，可以在任何CIPS批准的測試中心進行。
CIPS L4M8（實踐中的採購和供應）認證考試是由特許採購與供應研究所（CIPS）提供的專業認證計劃。該計劃旨在驗證4級標準的採購和供應專業人員的知識，技能和能力。認證考試是國際認可的標準，在採購和供應領域表現出高水平的專業知識。
很多IT人士都想通過CIPS L4M8 認證考試，從而在IT行業中獲取更好的提升機會，使他們的工資生活水準都有所提升。但是好多人為了通過CIPS L4M8 認證考試花了大量時間和精力來鞏固相關知識卻沒有通過考試。這樣是很不划算。如果你選擇Testpdf的產品，你可以為你節約很多時間和精力來鞏固知識，但是卻可以通過CIPS L4M8 認證考試。因為Testpdf的關於CIPS L4M8 認證考試的針對性的資料可以幫助你100%通過考試。如果你考試失敗，Testpdf會全額退款給你。
通過CIPS L4M8考試是一項重大成就，並證明了候選人對其職業的承諾。這也是將自己與同齡人區分開並在就業市場中獲得競爭優勢的絕佳方法。此外，持有此認證可以帶來職業發展機會和更高的收入潛力。
問題 #55
What are five recognized types of modern slavery?
答案：
解題說明：
Modern slavery is against ethical and responsible sourcing. Modern slavery is one of the areas to understudy for procurement professionals to carry out ethical and responsible sourcing and this is recognized in five ways.
1. Human trafficking: The process of seeking, recruiting, transporting and exploiting individuals to work against their will. Often human trafficking includes violence, deception, and coercion.
2. Bonded labour (debt bondage): This is an individual's promise to provide service through ex-ploitation as repayment, or part thereof, of a dept or other obligation.
3. Forced labour: Work that people are forced to do with the treat of punishment if it is not carried out.
4. Children labour: The exploitative and illegal employment of children.
5. Domestic slavery: Individuals exploited through working in private households for little or no money in return for living accommodation
問題 #56
Describe three types of fraud that could occur within the supply chain of an organization with which you are familiar.
答案：
解題說明：
Fraud occurs when a person acts deliberately to secure monies from another party through dishonest method. Within the supply chain of an organization, fraud can represent itself in the following ways:
1. Kickbacks: e.g. (commission given to a bribe taker for service perform)
2. Corrupt influence (e.g ordering more than what is required)
3. Collusion: (group of suppliers working together to submit multiple bids and split profit.
4. Bid Rigging (a contract is informally agreed with a chosen supplier prior to the official process
5. invoicing fraud
6. Substitution (submitting products that are below the required quality
7. False claims (files false document)
Case Study
A series of news stories reporting events such as the collapse of the Rana Plaza building in 2013 have drawn attention to the poor conditions in garment factories across India and South East Asi a. Human rights groups have long be critical of the excessive hours and poor wages workers are forced to endure, as well as the abuse they receive from supervisor. With consumers becoming increasingly aware of these conditions, more pressure is being put on global brands and retailers to ensure their supply chains are fair and ethical.
Certain areas have been notorious for the mistreatment of workers. In India's textile valley', young women are been bound into contracts where they work for two to three years, in exchange for a lump sum of money that they can then put towards a dowry. This is known as the 'Sumangali [a married woman] Thittam' scheme. These women are forced to live in hostels under restrictions that prevent them from moving, and are denied the opportunity to improve their living conditions. Retailers including Walmart and H&M are known to source garments from factories in the 'textile valley'.
Reports by organizations including the Asia Floor Wage Alliance (AFWA), Central Combodia, Global Labor Justice, Sedane Labour Resource Centre (LIPS) Indonesia, and Society for Labour and Development (SLD) India have exposed unethically run factories that supply garments to H&M, Gap and Walmart. However, retailers will continue to benefit from expensive labour until mounting customers pressure causes them to change.
問題 #57
Describe three benefits of working cross-functionally
答案：
解題說明：
Working cross-functionally is the involvement of all departments involved in an organization to contribute knowledge, skills and innovation towards adding value of achieving the organization's strategic goal. All functions may include; procurement, maintenance, marketing, finance, human resources working together in procurement activity to come up with the best strategy or selecting the supplier that best suit the organization.
When working cross functionally, members of the organization gives support by believing in the end goal, assist during difficult time, help troubleshoot any issue, providing the required resources and sharing information.
問題 #58
What are the four methods that can be used to try to resolve dispute?
答案：
解題說明：
Conflict or dispute is the final area a procurement professional considers when creating terms for a contract with a supplier. If conflict or dispute arises, there must be a process put in place in the contract to try to resolve it and these includes; a) Negotiation, b) mediation, c) arbitration and d) litigation.
Negotiation is usually carried out between senior people within organization that are in conflict, if they cannot reach an agreement through negotiation, mediation is the next stage, mediation is when a third party tries to help find a resolution among the parties in dispute. If mediation fails arbitration can start, arbitration involve independent professionals (arbitrators) working with all the party to try to reach an agreement. Parties do not have a formal or legal obligation to follow the arbitrator's recommendation. Arbitration is expensive. If arbitration fails to resolve the conflict, the final stage is litigation, litigation takes time and money, and most people avoid it. It is a legal process where a court decides on the outcome of the dispute. The judge's ruling is final.
問題 #59
What is needed for a contract to be binding?
答案：
解題說明：
A contract is written or verbal agreement, made between two or more parties that is legally enforceable. For a contract to be legally binding it must include intention of parties entering into the contracts. All parties must have the capacity to contract or be contracted. They must be of a sound mind, there should be a promise (offer) for performance from the other party and an exchange (consideration) of one thing for another within an agreement for contract to be binding, and there must be an acceptance of the offeror's offer by the offeree.
問題 #60
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