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| Section | Weight | Objectives |
|---|---|---|
| Topic 1: Data Ingestion and Transformation | 34% | - Build and manage data pipelines - Ingest and transform data using AWS services |
| Topic 2: Data Store Management | 26% | - Optimize storage performance and cost - Select appropriate data storage solutions |
| Topic 3: Data Security and Governance | 18% | - Apply governance and compliance best practices - Implement data security controls |
| Topic 4: Data Operations and Support | 22% | - Monitor and maintain data pipelines - Troubleshoot data workflow issues |
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188. Frage
A data engineer needs Amazon Athena queries to finish faster. The data engineer notices that all the files the Athena queries use are currently stored in uncompressed .csv format. The data engineer also notices that users perform most queries by selecting a specific column.
Which solution will MOST speed up the Athena query performance?
Antwort: B
Begründung:
Amazon Athena is a serverless interactive query service that allows you to analyze data in Amazon S3 using standard SQL. Athena supports various data formats, such as CSV, JSON, ORC, Avro, and Parquet. However, not all data formats are equally efficient for querying. Some data formats, such as CSV and JSON, are row-oriented, meaning that they store data as a sequence of records, each with the same fields. Row-oriented formats are suitable for loading and exporting data, but they are not optimal for analytical queries that often access only a subset of columns. Row-oriented formats also do not support compression or encoding techniques that can reduce the data size and improve the query performance.
On the other hand, some data formats, such as ORC and Parquet, are column-oriented, meaning that they store data as a collection of columns, each with a specific data type. Column-oriented formats are ideal for analytical queries that often filter, aggregate, or join data by columns. Column-oriented formats also support compression and encoding techniques that can reduce the data size and improve the query performance. For example, Parquet supports dictionary encoding, which replaces repeated values with numeric codes, and run-length encoding, which replaces consecutive identical values with a single value and a count. Parquet also supports various compression algorithms, such as Snappy, GZIP, and ZSTD, that can further reduce the data size and improve the query performance.
Therefore, changing the data format from CSV to Parquet and applying Snappy compression will most speed up the Athena query performance. Parquet is a column-oriented format that allows Athena to scan only the relevant columns and skip the rest, reducing the amount of data read from S3. Snappy is a compression algorithm that reduces the data size without compromising the query speed, as it is splittable and does not require decompression before reading. This solution will also reduce the cost of Athena queries, as Athena charges based on the amount of data scanned from S3.
The other options are not as effective as changing the data format to Parquet and applying Snappy compression. Changing the data format from CSV to JSON and applying Snappy compression will not improve the query performance significantly, as JSON is also a row-oriented format that does not support columnar access or encoding techniques. Compressing the CSV files by using Snappy compression will reduce the data size, but it will not improve the query performance significantly, as CSV is still a row-oriented format that does not support columnar access or encoding techniques. Compressing the CSV files by using gzjg compression will reduce the data size, but it will degrade the query performance, as gzjg is not a splittable compression algorithm and requires decompression before reading. Reference:
Amazon Athena
Choosing the Right Data Format
AWS Certified Data Engineer - Associate DEA-C01 Complete Study Guide, Chapter 5: Data Analysis and Visualization, Section 5.1: Amazon Athena
189. Frage
A data engineer is configuring an AWS Glue job to read data from an Amazon S3 bucket. The data engineer has set up the necessary AWS Glue connection details and an associated IAM role. However, when the data engineer attempts to run the AWS Glue job, the data engineer receives an error message that indicates that there are problems with the Amazon S3 VPC gateway endpoint.
The data engineer must resolve the error and connect the AWS Glue job to the S3 bucket.
Which solution will meet this requirement?
Antwort: B
Begründung:
The error message indicates that the AWS Glue job cannot access the Amazon S3 bucket through the VPC endpoint. This could be because the VPC's route table does not have the necessary routes to direct the traffic to the endpoint. To fix this, the data engineer must verify that the route table has an entry for the Amazon S3 service prefix (com.amazonaws.region.s3) with the target as the VPC endpoint ID. This will allow the AWS Glue job to use the VPC endpoint to access the S3 bucket without going through the internet or a NAT gateway. For more information, see Gateway endpoints. Reference:
Troubleshoot the AWS Glue error "VPC S3 endpoint validation failed"
Amazon VPC endpoints for Amazon S3
[AWS Certified Data Engineer - Associate DEA-C01 Complete Study Guide]
190. Frage
A company wants to analyze sales records that the company stores in a MySQL database. The company wants to correlate the records with sales opportunities identified by Salesforce.
The company receives 2 GB erf sales records every day. The company has 100 GB of identified sales opportunities. A data engineer needs to develop a process that will analyze and correlate sales records and sales opportunities. The process must run once each night.
Which solution will meet these requirements with the LEAST operational overhead?
Antwort: C
Begründung:
Problem Analysis:
The company processes 2 GB of daily sales records and 100 GB of Salesforce sales opportunities.
The goal is to analyze and correlate the two datasets with low operational overhead.
The process must run once nightly.
Key Considerations:
Amazon AppFlow simplifies data integration with Salesforce.
AWS Glue can extract data from MySQL and perform ETL operations.
Step Functions can orchestrate workflows with minimal manual intervention.
Apache Airflow and Flink add complexity, which conflicts with the requirement for low operational overhead.
Solution Analysis:
Option A: MWAA + Lambda + Step Functions
Requires custom Lambda code for dataset correlation, increasing development and operational complexity.
Option B: AppFlow + Glue + MWAA
MWAA adds orchestration overhead compared to the simpler Step Functions.
Option C: AppFlow + Glue + Step Functions
AppFlow fetches Salesforce data, Glue extracts MySQL data, and Step Functions orchestrate the entire process.
Minimal setup and operational overhead, making it the best choice.
Option D: AppFlow + Kinesis + Flink + Step Functions
Using Kinesis and Flink for batch processing introduces unnecessary complexity.
Final Recommendation:
Use Amazon AppFlow to fetch Salesforce data, AWS Glue to process MySQL data, and Step Functions for orchestration.
Amazon AppFlow Overview
AWS Glue ETL Documentation
AWS Step Functions
191. Frage
A company wants to build a dimension table in an Amazon S3 bucket. The bucket contains historical data that includes 10 million records. The historical data is 1 TB in size.
A data engineer needs a solution to update changes for up to 10,000 records in the base table every day.
Which solution will meet this requirement with the LOWEST runtime?
Antwort: B
Begründung:
Option D provides the lowest runtime because it uses a table format designed for efficient incremental upserts on Amazon S3, rather than repeatedly scanning and rewriting large portions of a 1 TB dataset.
Although Spark on its own (Options A and C) can perform joins/merges, updating files stored in S3 typically requires expensive rewrites, especially as data grows. By contrast, Apache Hudi is purpose-built for maintaining large datasets on object storage with incremental updates, which directly fits "update up to
10,000 records every day" without reprocessing the full historical footprint.
For the compute layer, the document highlights that Amazon EMR provides a fully managed environment for running Apache Spark and other big data frameworks to process and analyze large datasets, making it appropriate for high-scale processing where performance matters. This is a better fit than using Pandas on 1 TB (Option B), which is not designed for distributed processing at that scale.
Therefore, combining EMR + Spark with an incremental storage framework (Hudi) is the most runtime-efficient approach for daily record-level updates on S3.
192. Frage
A company extracts approximately 1 TB of data every day from data sources such as SAP HANA, Microsoft SQL Server, MongoDB, Apache Kafka, and Amazon DynamoDB. Some of the data sources have undefined data schemas or data schemas that change.
A data engineer must implement a solution that can detect the schema for these data sources. The solution must extract, transform, and load the data to an Amazon S3 bucket. The company has a service level agreement (SLA) to load the data into the S3 bucket within 15 minutes of data creation.
Which solution will meet these requirements with the LEAST operational overhead?
Antwort: D
Begründung:
AWS Glue is a fully managed service that provides a serverless data integration platform. It can automatically discover and categorize data from various sources, including SAP HANA, Microsoft SQL Server, MongoDB, Apache Kafka, and Amazon DynamoDB. It can also infer the schema of the data and store it in the AWS Glue Data Catalog, which is a central metadata repository. AWS Glue can then use the schema information to generate and run Apache Spark code to extract, transform, and load the data into an Amazon S3 bucket. AWS Glue can also monitor and optimize the performance and cost of the data pipeline, and handle any schema changes that may occur in the source data. AWS Glue can meet the SLA of loading the data into the S3 bucket within 15 minutes of data creation, as it can trigger the data pipeline based on events, schedules, or on-demand. AWS Glue has the least operational overhead among the options, as it does not require provisioning, configuring, or managing any servers or clusters. It also handles scaling, patching, and security automatically. Reference:
AWS Glue
[AWS Glue Data Catalog]
[AWS Glue Developer Guide]
AWS Certified Data Engineer - Associate DEA-C01 Complete Study Guide
193. Frage
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