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| Section | Weight | Objectives |
|---|---|---|
| Risk, Events, and Requirements | 30% | - Security architecture requirements and frameworks
|
| Secure Infrastructure | 30% | - Security approaches to protect against threats
|
| Artificial Intelligence, Automation, and DevSecOps | 15% | - AI and automation in security
|
| Applications | 25% | - Security solutions for applications
|
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問題 #36
A manufacturing company recently experienced a network-down scenario due to malware spread on the management network. The company wants to implement a solution to detect and mitigate a similar threat in the future and protect the overall network. Which solution meets the requirements?
答案：A
解題說明：
The spread of malware across a sensitive segment like themanagement networkhighlights a failure in host- level security and internal visibility. To detect and mitigate the spread of such threats and protect the overall network,Endpoint Detection and Response (EDR)is the most effective choice among the options. In the Cisco security ecosystem, the endpoint is often the last line of defense and the most critical source of telemetry for malware incidents.
By deploying an EDR solution likeCisco Secure Endpoint, the manufacturing company gains the ability to identify the "patient zero" of the infection. EDR uses advanced features likeDevice TraversalandLateral Movementdetection to see how malware moves from one machine to another over the management network.
Once detected, the security team can use the EDR platform to initiate a "host isolation" command, effectively cutting off the infected device's communication with the rest of the network without physically unplugging it.
WhileEncrypted Threat Analytics (ETA)(Option C) is a powerful network-based feature for detecting malware in encrypted traffic without decryption, EDR provides the most granular control and response capabilities specifically for malwareresiding on and spreading betweenhosts. RADIUS (Option B) and IPsec VPNs (Option D) focus on access control and encryption of data in transit, respectively, but do not provide the behavioral analysis needed to stop a running malware outbreak once the network has already been accessed.
問題 #37
A software development company relies on GitHub for managing the source code and is committed to maintaining application security. The company must ensure that known software vulnerabilities are not introduced to the application. The company needs a capability within GitHub that can analyze semantic versioning and flag any software components that pose security risks. Which GitHub feature must be used?
答案：A
解題說明：
In modern DevSecOps, managing third-party dependencies is a major security challenge.Dependabot(often stylized as Depend-a-bot) is the specific GitHub feature designed to automate the identification and updating of vulnerable dependencies. It works by scanning the application's manifest files (like package.json or requirements.txt) and analyzing thesemantic versioningof the included libraries.
When a known vulnerability (CVE) is reported in a specific version of a library used by the application, Dependabot flags the security risk and alerts the development team. Most importantly, it can automatically generate pull requests to upgrade the dependency to the minimum secure version that resolves the vulnerability. This ensures that the application remains secure without requiring manual tracking of every third-party component.
WhileGitHub Actions(Option C) can be used to run security scanners (like SAST tools), it is a general automation framework, not a dedicated dependency analysis tool.Artifact attestations(Option D) are used to prove the provenance and integrity of a build, andSealed boxes(Option B) is not a standard GitHub security feature related to vulnerability scanning. Utilizing Dependabot directly supports the Cisco SDSI objective of
"Securing the CI/CD pipeline" by proactively managing the Software Bill of Materials (SBOM) and ensuring that vulnerable components do not reach the production environment.
問題 #38
An administrator at a large university wants to ensure that the new employees have the right level of access when they are onboarded. The administrator asked the team to configure the cloud environment and ensure that new employees have the appropriate access based on their roles and responsibilities. Which technique must be recommended to ensure the right level of access?
答案：B
解題說明：
In a modern cloud and campus environment, managing the lifecycle of an identity is the cornerstone of a secure architecture.Identity and Access Management (IAM)is the comprehensive framework of policies and technologies that ensures the right individuals have the appropriate access to technology resources. According to the Cisco SDSI objectives, IAM is the primary mechanism used to transition from manual, error-prone onboarding to a policy-driven approach based onroles and responsibilities.
IAM solutions allow administrators to define digital identities and associate them with specific roles (Role- Based Access Control). When a new employee is onboarded, the IAM system automatically provisions access to the necessary cloud applications and data based on their department or job function. This ensures the principle ofleast privilegeis maintained from day one. WhileSecurity Groups(Option B) andNetwork Access Control Lists (ACLs)(Option D) are important technical controls for filtering traffic at the network layer, they do not manage the identity lifecycle or the complex mapping of users to application permissions. A VPN(Option C) provides a secure tunnel for remote access but does not definewhata user can do once they are inside the network. IAM provides the central control plane for identity-centric security, which is essential for a large university environment with high user turnover and diverse access requirements.
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問題 #39
A global hotel chain is using Cisco ISE and Cisco switches to manage the network. The hotel company wants to enhance network security by segmenting users and endpoints. The company must ensure that devices within the same VLAN cannot communicate with each other. The goal is to prevent cross-communication without the use of dynamic access control lists. Which action must be taken using Cisco ISE to meet the requirement?
答案：A
解題說明：
Cisco TrustSec is a next-generation security architecture that provides software-defined segmentation to simplify the provisioning of network access control. In a hotel environment where guest privacy is paramount, TrustSec is the ideal solution to prevent "peer-to-peer" or cross-communication between devices located within the same VLAN. Traditional methods for this isolation, such as Private VLANs (PVLANs) or complex, manually managed Access Control Lists (ACLs), can be extremely difficult to maintain at scale across a global infrastructure.
TrustSec replaces these IP-based or VLAN-based restrictions with Scalable Group Tags (SGTs). When a device connects to the network, Cisco Identity Services Engine (ISE) authenticates the endpoint and assigns it a specific SGT based on its role, identity, or security posture. The network infrastructure (switches) then enforces policy based on these tags. To meet the requirement of preventing communication between devices in the same VLAN without using dynamic ACLs (dACLs), ISE can be configured to assign the same SGT to guest devices and then apply a Security Group ACL (SGACL) that denies traffic where both the source and destination tags are identical. This "intra-SGT" isolation effectively blocks devices from communicating with their neighbors on the same local segment. This approach aligns with the Cisco SAFE architecture by providing granular, identity-aware segmentation that is topology-independent, allowing the hotel chain to maintain a simplified network structure while ensuring robust client security.
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問題 #40
An employee of a pharmaceutical company accidentally checked in code that contains AWS secret keys to a public GitHub repository, which exposes production resources to attackers. Which mitigation strategy must a security engineer recommend to prevent future reoccurrence?
答案：C
解題說明：
Accidental exposure of sensitive credentials, such as API keys or AWS secrets, is a major risk in modern DevOps environments. To prevent such incidents from occurring, the most effective technical control is the implementation of aSource Code Management (SCM) precommit hook. A precommit hook is a script that runs locally on a developer's machine before a commit is finalized and pushed to a remote repository.
According to Cisco's DevSecOps design principles, precommit hooks can be configured to scan the code for specific patterns that resemble secrets (e.g., regex for AWS Access Key IDs). If the scanner detects a secret, it automatically aborts the commit, forcing the developer to remove or properly encrypt the sensitive data before the code can leave their local machine. This provides an immediate "shift-left" safety net that stops the leak at the source.
While aWeb Application Firewall (WAF)(Option A) protects against external attacks andPort Security (Option B) manages Layer 2 access, neither can prevent a developer from pushing code to GitHub. Aphishing education campaign(Option C) is beneficial for general security awareness but does not provide the automated, technical enforcement required to block credential leakage. By configuring precommit hooks, the pharmaceutical company establishes a proactive defense mechanism that significantly reduces the risk of credential exposure and aligns with the automation objectives of the Cisco SDSI curriculum.
問題 #41
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