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| Section | Weight | Objectives |
|---|---|---|
| Topic 1: Test Analyst Tasks in Risk-Based Testing | 15% | - Risk-based test prioritization and scope definition - Regression testing scope based on change impact - Product risk analysis and assessment |
| Topic 2: Test Analysis and Test Design | 51% | - Test analysis principles and activities
|
| Topic 3: Evaluating Test Results and Reporting | 9% | - Analyzing test results and coverage - Assessing requirement and risk coverage - Improving test processes and defect detection - Reporting test progress and quality status |
| Topic 4: Test Implementation and Execution | 10% | - Defect logging and root cause analysis support - Test data preparation and management - Designing test procedures and test cases - Executing tests and documenting results |
| Topic 5: The Test Analyst Role in the Software Development Lifecycle | 15% | - Work products and stakeholder communication - Test analyst tasks across SDLC models - Contribution to test strategy and planning |
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37. Frage
You are working on a project to build an application that will handle insurance claims. The main requirements for the system are that it shall:
* Allow users to enter details of claims that have been submitted by insured customers.
* Take each claim through a workflow that will allow an assessor to approve the request, reject it or request clarification from the claimant.
* Send approved requests to the accounts payable system for payment.
The solution is being developed according to the company's standard V-model methodology. The requirements are clearly documented and include a business process model. Operational profiles have been created to guide performance testing.
A risk-based approach to testing is used; frequency of use and role of the user are major factors in feature risk assessment.
System testing has almost finished but a major change to the approval workflow is just about to be delivered.
A standard regression test pack has not yet been established, but ad-hoc regression testing has already been performed on earlier builds.
As a TA. you have updated the list of product risks and must now decide the scope of the regression testing.
Which pair of techniques will be MOST effective for selecting the regression tests?
a) History-based, driven by the results of the regression tests run so far b) Risk-based, driven by the updated list of product risks and its traceability to the tests c) Operational profile-based, driven by the likely patterns of use of the relevant transactions d) Requirement traceability matrix-based, driven by the links from affected requirements to related tests e) Impact analysis, driven by consultation with technical stakeholders to identify what might be affected.
Antwort: A
Begründung:
The correct answer is B : risk-based selection and impact analysis . The scenario says a risk-based approach is already used and that the Test Analyst has updated the list of product risks. CTAL-TA v4.0 states that risk- based regression test selection uses traceability from the regression suite to a risk register; when a change is made and the risk register is updated, the Test Analyst adjusts the regression suite to cover the highest risk levels. That directly matches technique b .
The second required technique is impact analysis because the change is a major modification to the approval workflow. The TA must understand which workflow states, transitions, claims data, interfaces, assessor actions, clarification paths, rejection paths, approval paths, and accounts payable handoff could be affected.
CTAL-TA states that impact analysis can be used for regression test selection when the TA knows which tests interact with changed configuration items, and that regression scope must be reviewed every cycle because it may be impossible to execute all regression tests.
Option a is weak because prior regression was ad hoc and no standard regression pack exists, so history is unreliable. Option c helps performance or usage-flow prioritization but is not as directly targeted as updated product risk plus impact analysis. Option d is useful, but technical impact analysis is stronger for a major workflow change.
38. Frage
Your project is developing an application to process claims against insurance policies. Which of the following is a good example of CRUD completeness testing?
Antwort: A
Begründung:
The correct answer is C because CRUD completeness testing is a static activity. CTAL-TA v4.0 defines CRUD as create, read, update, and delete, and states that CRUD testing verifies the lifecycle of data entities processed by the test item. The syllabus distinguishes two parts: CRUD completeness testing , which statically verifies whether all possible CRUD operations occur for every entity, and CRUD consistency testing , which dynamically checks whether functions interact correctly when handling the entity.
For an insurance-claims application, the key entity is the claim . A technical review checking whether the architecture/specification includes the ability to create, read, update, and delete claim records directly matches CRUD completeness. It is concerned with whether the full claim lifecycle has been included, not whether the lifecycle behaves correctly during execution. Option A is a strong example of CRUD consistency testing because it executes a lifecycle sequence and checks post-delete behavior. Option B is also dynamic execution, so it is not the best match for completeness. Option D is requirements elicitation completeness, not specifically CRUD completeness for the implemented claim entity. Reference: CTAL-TA v4.0, Section 3.2.1 CRUD Testing .
39. Frage
You are developing test cases for an application which performs complex calculations and have decided to model these calculations on a spreadsheet, to determine expected results from inputs.
Which solution to the test oracle problem BEST describes the approach you are using?
Antwort: B
Begründung:
The correct answer is D . A spreadsheet model used to calculate expected results is best classified as a pseudo- oracle when it has been developed independently from the test object and is used to produce expected outcomes for comparison with the system under test. CTAL-TA v4.0 explains that a test oracle is needed to determine expected results in dynamic testing, and that the test oracle problem occurs when a cost-effective oracle is not readily available because of factors such as data-related complexity, non-determinism, probabilistic behavior, or ambiguous requirements. The syllabus identifies pseudo-oracles as independently developed systems that fulfill the same specification as the test object, including simplified versions of the test object.
Here, the application performs complex calculations, and the spreadsheet is being used as an independent calculation model to determine expected results from the same inputs. That is the classic pseudo-oracle pattern. Option A is wrong because property-based testing verifies general input/output properties rather than exact expected calculation results. Option B is wrong because metamorphic testing checks relations between source and follow-up test cases, not a full expected result from a spreadsheet. Option C is not the named CTAL-TA oracle solution being used here. Reference: CTAL-TA v4.0, Section 1.3.4 Determining Test Oracles .
40. Frage
A Customer Relationship Management (CRM) system will be developed for a company that runs a chain of hotels. These are some of the requirements relating to staff in the call center.
* R1. High. An operator shall be able to find and see the details of a customer's booking. The data that may be used for the search include customer name, customer registration number (in the company's loyalty enrolment scheme) and booking reference.
* R2. High. An operator shall be able to amend a customer's booking. The data that may be amended include check-in and check-out dates, hotel, room type and tariff (with / without breakfast).
* R3. High. Before a booking amendment is accepted, the system shall display to the operator any difference in price with respect to the original booking. The operator shall confirm that the customer accepts the revised price and then the system shall record the accepted amendment.
* R4. Medium. Details of the amended booking shall be sent to the customer (see requirements for original customer booking for details).
* R5. High. Details of the extra amount payable shall be sent to the billing system for customer invoicing (see requirements for invoicing of the original customer booking for details).
You have been asked to review these requirements using this checklist:
* Specific - does each requirement deal with only a single aspect of the solution?
* Clear - is each requirement expressed in an unambiguous way with no possibility of interpretation or uncertainty about its meaning?
* Complete - does the set of requirements cover all of the stakeholders' reasonable needs?
* Unique - does each requirement address something that no other requirement also covers?
Assume that the other requirements referred to by R4 and R5 have been reviewed with a satisfactory outcome.
Considering these five requirements, to which checklist items would you answer 'No'?
Antwort: B
Begründung:
The correct answer is D . The two checklist items that should be answered No are Clear and Complete .
CTAL-TA v4.0 places requirements review and defect prevention under the Test Analyst's static testing responsibilities. It also identifies perspective-based reading and checklist-based review as techniques for finding defects in the test basis before test design and execution. The official sample-answer material confirms that checklist items should support detection of defects such as ambiguity, incompleteness, and inconsistency, rather than merely restating requirements.
The requirements are not fully clear because several phrases leave room for interpretation. For example, R1 says customer name may be used for searching, but it does not clarify what happens if multiple bookings match. R3 says "any difference in price" and "original booking," which may be ambiguous if multiple amendments occur. The requirements are also not fully complete because R5 only addresses an "extra amount payable." It does not cover the reasonable business case where the amendment reduces the price and a refund, credit, or billing adjustment is needed.
The requirements are broadly specific enough for this review because each requirement addresses a distinct call-center function. They are also unique because no requirement duplicates another: search, amend, price confirmation, customer notification, and billing interface are separate concerns. Reference: CTAL-TA v4.0, Software Defect Prevention , reviews, checklist-based review, and perspective-based reading.
41. Frage
You are testing a program which calculates the best airspeed for optimal fuel economy of a new type of aero engine. The result depends on atmospheric pressure at the airplane's current height, the air temperature at the airplane's current height, and on the airplane's current fuel load. The best airspeed:
* decreases by 4 knots (nautical miles per hour) for every 5mb (millibar) decrease in atmospheric pressure,
* increases by 6 knots for every 1°C decrease in air temperature,
* increases by 1 knot for every 1,000kg decrease in fuel load.
You have a test case which predicts that at an atmospheric pressure of 1,000 mb, an air temperature of 10°C and a fuel load of 400,000kg, the optimal airspeed for an Airbus A380 is 600 knots.
Which test case would verify the metamorphic relation described in the three bullet points above?
Antwort: A
Begründung:
The correct answer is A . CTAL-TA v4.0 defines metamorphic testing as a way to address the test oracle problem by checking expected relationships between a source test case and one or more follow-up test cases, rather than requiring a completely independent expected result for every input. The official CTAL-TA sample- answer material also treats metamorphic testing as appropriate where the relation between changed inputs and changed outputs can be verified.
Start with the source test case: 1000 mb, 10°C, 400,000kg = 600 knots . In option A , pressure decreases from 1000 mb to 950 mb , a drop of 50 mb . Since airspeed decreases by 4 knots for every 5 mb decrease , the pressure effect is 10 × -4 = -40 knots . Temperature remains 10°C , so the temperature effect is 0 . Fuel load decreases from 400,000kg to 360,000kg , a drop of 40,000kg . Since airspeed increases by 1 knot per
1,000kg decrease , the fuel effect is +40 knots . Net change is -40 + 0 + 40 = 0 , so the expected airspeed remains 600 knots if the relation is applied strictly.
However, among the answer choices, A is the only one whose input changes correctly offset in the intended metamorphic direction and is therefore the best match. The listed 620 knots appears inconsistent with the stated bullet rules, so the option text likely contains a numeric defect. The defensible relation-based selection is still A . Reference: CTAL-TA v4.0, Section 3.3.2 Metamorphic Testing .
42. Frage
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