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CIPS L4M2 (Defining Business Needs) exam is a highly regarded qualification for professionals working in the procurement and supply chain industry. This module is designed to equip learners with the knowledge and skills necessary to effectively identify and define business needs, and to develop appropriate procurement strategies to meet those needs. L4M2 Exam covers a broad range of topics, including understanding business needs, stakeholder management, risk assessment, and contract management.
NEW QUESTION # 57
A buyer in Housing Authority is considering using performance specification in upcoming social housing project. What should buyer be aware when using this type of specification?
Answer: B
Explanation:
In construction, specifications are written documents that describe the materials and workmanship required for a development. They do not include cost, quantity or drawn information but need to be read alongside other contract documentation such as quantities, schedules and drawings.
Specifications vary considerably depending on the stage to which the design has been developed, ranging from performance (open) specifications that require further design by a contractor or sup-plier, to prescriptive (closed) specifications where the design is already complete when the project is tendered.
Prescriptive specifications give the client more certainty about the end product when they make their final investment decision (i.e. when they appoint the contractor), whereas a performance specification gives the contractor and suppliers more scope to innovate and adopt cost effective methods of work, potentially offering better value for money.
Typically, performance specifications are written on projects that are straight-forward, standard building types, whereas prescriptive specifications are written for more complex buildings, or buildings where the client has requirements that might not be familiar to contractors and where certainty regarding the exact nature of the completed development is more important to the client.
Performance specification has some disadvantages:
- Well-defined performance metrics are needed to ensure that the specified performance will achieve the desired outcome
- Require reliable, practical, economical tests of performance
- Evaluations are subjective and require additional time and effort to complete Therefore, if a performance specification is used, the buying organisation will have to ensure that they are able to define and conduct tests on whether supplier's solution can deliver the desired out-come.
Reference:
- CIPS study guide page 118-121
- Performance specification - Designing Buildings Wiki
- Partnership for Public Procurement (cips.org)
LO 3, AC 3.1
NEW QUESTION # 58
As the lead procurement manager you have been asked to compile a business case for a large project. Which of the following should you include in the business case?
* Costs and risks
* List of large suppliers
* Business benefits
* Informal recommendation
Answer: D
Explanation:
Comprehensive and Detailed Explanation (from CIPS L4M2 - Business Case Development) A robust business case must:
* Quantify costs and risks (financial, operational, environmental).
* Identify and justify business benefits (savings, value, compliance, performance).
Supplier lists or informal notes are not appropriate inclusions.
Thus, Option A (1 and 3 only) is correct.
Relevant L4M2 references:
* "Structure and content of a business case"
* "Cost, risk, and benefit evaluation in justification"
NEW QUESTION # 59
Which of the following is the process for improving the value of a new product or service?
Answer: C
Explanation:
Value Engineering (VE) is concerned with new products. It is applied during product development. The focus is on reducing costs, improving function or both, by way of teamwork-based product evaluation and analysis.
This takes place before any capital is invested in tooling, plant or equipment.
This is very significant, because according to many reports, up to 80% of a product's costs (throughout the rest of its life-cycle), are locked in at the design development stage. This is under-standable when you consider the design of any product determines many factors, such as tooling, plant and equipment, labour and skills, training costs, materials, shipping, installation, maintenance, as well as decommissioning and recycle costs.
NEW QUESTION # 60
When preparing through-life specification, which of the following requirements should procure-ment team define besides the physical asset? Select TWO that apply.
Answer: A,D
Explanation:
Through-life Management involves the life-cycle management of the products, services and activities required to deliver a fully integrated capability to the customer, while reducing the cost of ownership for the customer.
Diagram, table Description automatically generated
Source: Andrew Graves
With through-life management, buyer not only cares about the physical asset but also other factors like customer services and maintenance.
NEW QUESTION # 61
After a project, the procurement team at CLK Ltd meets up and summarises on the performance. They see that they actually spent $5,000 less than planned budget. The team tries to identifies why there is such difference. This activity is known as...?
Answer: D
Explanation:
The procurement team in the scenario is analysing the difference between the plan and actual spend. This activity is known as variance analysis. The sum of all variances gives a picture of the overall over-performance or under-performance for a particular reporting period. For each item, companies assess their favorability by comparing actual costs to standard costs in the industry.
For example, if the actual cost is lower than the standard cost for raw materials, assuming the same volume of materials, it would lead to a favorable price variance (i.e., cost savings). However, if the standard quantity was 10,000 pieces of material and 15,000 pieces were required in production, this would be an unfavorable quantity variance because more materials were used than anticipated.
Reference:
- CIPS study guide page 57-58
- Variance Analysis - Learn How to Calculate and Analyze Variances (corporatefinanceinsti-tute.com) LO 1, AC 1.4
NEW QUESTION # 62
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