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| Section | Weight | Objectives |
|---|---|---|
| Sourcing Process & Supplier Management | 25% | - Stages of strategic sourcing
|
| Application of Procurement Cycle | 25% | - Key stages of procurement cycle in practice
|
| Whole Life Asset & Cost Management | 25% | - Total cost of ownership concept
|
| Ethics, Responsibility & Compliance | 25% | - Ethical and responsible sourcing application
|
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質問 # 36
What do STEEPLE and SWOT stand for?
正解：
解説：
RESPONSE
After a need in an organization has been identified/understood, defined, justified and authorized, the next stages are to understand how commodity prices are reacting, which suppliers are available and their strength.
The make or buy decision can be reached with knowledge from this; the procurement professional can consider the organization external environment, strength, weakness opportunity and threat to develop strategy
/plan of how to achieve the procurement.
'STEEPLE' is an effective way to evaluate the external environment. It helps buyers to assess factors that could affect the need in hand and helps them to develop the plan accordingly. 'STEEPLE' is an acronym which stands for, Social, Technology, Economic, Environment, Political, Legal, Ethical
'SWOT' helps the organization to analyze its strength and within the organization and the oppor-tunity and threats outside the organization.
'SWOT' is an acronym which stands for, strength, weakness, opportunity and threats.
* Refer to the question column
質問 # 37
In relation to the case study 'Walmart and H & M in spotlight regarding human rights in media ex-plain which human rights are not being granted to the workers.
正解：
解説：
See the answer in explanation.
Explanation:
Human rights are the statutory ways in which individual expects to and should be treated. Ethical and responsible sourcing includes the protection of human rights, not violating it.
When young women are being bound into contracts where they work for two to three years, they are not being granted the right to freedom from slavery.
Forcing these women to live in hostels under restrictions that prevent them from moving and are denied the opportunity to improve on their living condition is a violation of their right to life, liberty and personal security, also, their freedom from torture and degrading treatment is being violated.
* Refer to the question column for response
Case Study
A series of news stories reporting events such as the collapse of the Rana Plaza building in 2013 have drawn attention to the poor conditions in garment factories across India and South East Asia. Human rights groups have long be critical of the excessive hours and poor wages workers are forced to endure, as well as the abuse they receive from supervisor. With consumers becoming increasingly aware of these conditions, more pressure is being put on global brands and retailers to ensure their supply chains are fair and ethical.
Certain areas have been notorious for the mistreatment of workers. In India's textile valley', young women are been bound into contracts where they work for two to three years, in exchange for a lump sum of money that they can then put towards a dowry. This is known as the 'Sumangali [a married woman] Thittam' scheme. These women are forced to live in hostels under restrictions that prevent them from moving, and are denied the opportunity to improve their living conditions. Retailers including Walmart and H & M are known to source garments from factories in the 'textile valley'.
Reports by organizations including the Asia Floor Wage Alliance (AFWA), Central Combodia, Global Labor Justice, Sedane Labour Resource Centre (LIPS) Indonesia, and Society for Labour and Development (SLD) India have exposed unethically run factories that supply garments to H & M, Gap and Walmart. However, retailers will continue to benefit from expensive labour until mounting customers pressure causes them to change.
質問 # 38
What are five recognized types of modern slavery?
正解：
解説：
See the answer in explanation.
Explanation:
Modern slavery is against ethical and responsible sourcing. Modern slavery is one of the areas to understudy for procurement professionals to carry out ethical and responsible sourcing and this is recognized in five ways.
1. Human trafficking: The process of seeking, recruiting, transporting and exploiting individuals to work against their will. Often human trafficking includes violence, deception, and coercion.
2. Bonded labour (debt bondage): This is an individual's promise to provide service through ex-ploitation as repayment, or part thereof, of a dept or other obligation.
3. Forced labour: Work that people are forced to do with the treat of punishment if it is not carried out.
4. Children labour: The exploitative and illegal employment of children.
5. Domestic slavery: Individuals exploited through working in private households for little or no money in return for living accommodation.
* Refer to the question column for response
質問 # 39
Looking at stage 8 of the procurement and supply cycle, what does TCA mean?
正解：
解説：
When evaluating offers, it is important to remember that the best price may not be the lowest. To ascertain that; the total cost of Acquisition TCA (the cost a buyer bears for placing orders and re-ceiving a product from a supplier) should be uncovered and compare against offers received. Things to consider that might make up the total cost of acquisition are;
1) logistics and handling costs
2) Cost of requisition
3) Rework
4) stock cost
5) Delay
6) Inspection
7) customer services
8) consumables
9) Training & support
質問 # 40
Describe what should be considered when creating damages terms in a contract.
正解：
解説：
Damages are 'sum of money that the supplier pays if it fails to carry out its contractual obligation.
When creating terms for damages in the contract, it should be considered that Damages are categorized into two types (liquidated and un-liquidated). And which or if both are applicable to the contract in hand.
Liquidate Damages are fixed amount of money agreed between the parties that is payable if a contract is breached. For example, knowing that supplier not being able to install a device properly in a power transformer may destroy the device and going ahead to include a fee in the contract if the device was destroyed.
Un-liquidated damages are unfixed amount of money. It is used when the amount of money that will compensate the injured party cannot be known in advance. A court decides the amount when the damages occur. For example, knowing that supplier not being able to install a device properly in a power transformer may destroy the device, other appliances and equipment unknown, cause the buyer delay in the process and reputational damage as in customer dissatisfaction. Yet, unquantifiable as both parties are unable to fix a fee in advance on the damages and leaving it to the court to decide the damage if it may occur.
質問 # 41
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