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| Section | Objectives |
|---|---|
| Competency 2: Political and Economic Forces | - Market Economy vs. Command Economy - Property Rights and the Rule of Law |
| Competency 1: International Trade and Currency Exchange | - Currency Exchange Rate Determination - Impact of Interest Rates on Financial Flows and Exchange Rates - Introduction to International Trade Theories |
| Competency 3: Economic Decision-Making by Firms and Customers | - Firm Behavior Under Different Market Structures (Perfect Competition, Monopoly, Oligopoly) - Consumer Behavior (Budget Constraint, Indifference Curves) |
| Key Topics Across All Competencies | - International Trade Policies (Tariffs, Quotas) - Global Business Strategies and Porter's Framework - Currency Appreciation and Depreciation - Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) Impacts - Elastic vs. Inelastic Goods - Supply and Demand Shifts |
>> Global-Economics-for-Managers최신 업데이트 덤프공부 <<
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질문 # 80
What is true about tariffs?
정답：B
설명：
InGlobal Economics for Managers, atariffis defined as a tax imposed on imported goods, and one of its most direct and predictable effects is that itraises the domestic priceof the affected product. As a result, tariffs encourage consumers to reduce their consumption, making option C the correct answer.
When a tariff is applied, imported goods become more expensive relative to domestically produced alternatives. This price increase shifts consumer behavior: buyers either purchase fewer units overall or substitute toward domestic products or other alternatives. Because demand curves slope downward, higher prices lead to lower quantities demanded, which explains why consumer consumption falls after a tariff is imposed.
Option A is incorrect because tariffsreduce, not increase, the quantity of imports. Higher import prices discourage foreign suppliers and domestic buyers from trading. Option B is incorrect because domestic quantity demanded falls due to the higher price, even though domesticquantity suppliedmay rise. Option D is incorrect because tariffs raise the domestic priceabove, not below, the world price.
Global Economics for Managersemphasizes that tariffs redistribute economic surplus. Consumers lose surplus due to higher prices and reduced consumption. Domestic producers gain surplus because they face less foreign competition and can sell more at higher prices. Governments gain tariff revenue. However, these gains do not fully offset consumer losses, resulting indeadweight lossand reduced overall economic efficiency.
For managers, understanding the consumption-reducing effect of tariffs is essential when evaluating pricing strategies, demand forecasts, and market entry decisions in protected markets. Tariffs distort market signals and often provoke retaliation, further affecting global trade flows.
Therefore, option C accurately describes a true and fundamental effect of tariffs in international trade economics.
질문 # 81
What is an example of a transaction accounted for in the net exports component of GDP?
정답：B
설명：
Net exports equal exports minus imports. Option C is correct because buying a car from a different country is an import transaction, and imports are included in the net exports calculation as a subtraction. This transaction affects GDP because spending on foreign-produced goods must be removed from domestic production measures. Option A is generally consumption if the food is domestically purchased. Option B is government spending because a member of Congress is paid by the government. Option D is investment because new residential construction is counted as investment in GDP accounting. Net exports help managers understand the role of international trade in national output, currency demand, and market exposure. A country importing more than it exports has negative net exports.
질문 # 82
What is purchasing power parity (PPP)?
정답：D
설명：
InGlobal Economics for Managers,purchasing power parity (PPP)is defined asa theory suggesting that the price for identical products sold in different countries must be the same in the absence of trade barriers, making option A correct. PPP is a fundamental concept in international economics used to analyze exchange rates and compare price levels across countries.
The core idea behind PPP is thelaw of one price, which states that identical goods should sell for the same price when prices are expressed in a common currency, assuming no transportation costs, tariffs, or market frictions. If prices differ, arbitrage opportunities arise, leading market forces to adjust prices or exchange rates until parity is restored.
Option B refers to speculative gains from exchange rate inefficiencies, not PPP. Option C describesherd behaviorin financial markets. Option D incorrectly links exchange rates directly to socioeconomic well- being, which is not the theoretical basis of PPP.
Global Economics for Managersdistinguishes betweenabsolute PPP, which compares price levels directly, andrelative PPP, which focuses on changes in inflation rates and predicts how exchange rates should adjust over time. While PPP may not hold perfectly in the short run due to trade barriers and non-traded goods, it remains a valuable long-run benchmark for evaluating currency misalignment.
For managers, PPP is useful when assessing international cost competitiveness, long-term exchange rate trends, and global pricing strategies. Thus, option A accurately captures the definition and purpose of purchasing power parity.
질문 # 83
Which mode of entry is an equity-based entry mode?
정답：C
설명：
In Global Economics for Managers , entry modes are commonly classified into non-equity , contractual , and equity-based modes, depending on the level of ownership, control, and risk assumed by the firm. A 50
/50 joint venture is an equity-based entry mode, making option B the correct answer.
Equity-based entry modes involve ownership of assets in the foreign market . In a 50/50 joint venture, two firms-typically one domestic and one foreign-each contribute capital and share ownership, control, profits, and risks equally. This structure allows firms to access local market knowledge, share financial risk, and comply with host-country regulations that may restrict full foreign ownership.
Option A, franchising, and option C, licensing, are contractual entry modes . In these arrangements, firms transfer intellectual property or business formats to foreign partners without taking ownership stakes. While these modes involve lower risk and investment, they also provide less control. Option D, indirect exports, is a non-equity mode that requires minimal commitment and no foreign ownership.
Global Economics for Managers emphasizes that equity-based modes like joint ventures are often chosen when firms need local partners, face political or regulatory constraints, or operate in culturally or institutionally complex environments. However, they also involve higher risk due to shared control and potential partner conflicts.
Thus, option B correctly identifies an equity-based mode of entry.
질문 # 84
Which scenario most likely describes a late mover?
정답：B
설명：
InGlobal Economics for Managers, alate moveris a firm that enters a market after early entrants and first movers, often benefiting from reduced uncertainty, making option D the correct answer. Late movers observe the successes and failures of pioneers and can adapt their strategies accordingly.
Option D correctly reflects this advantage: late moversface fewer market uncertaintiesbecause demand patterns, customer preferences, regulatory environments, and competitive dynamics are more clearly established. This allows them to avoid costly mistakes made by early entrants and adopt proven technologies or business models.
Option A, erecting significant barriers to entry, is typically associated withfirst moverswho gain early control over key resources or distribution channels. Option B, gaining advantage through proprietary technology, also aligns more closely with early or first movers. Option C, making preemptive investments, is a classic first- mover strategy aimed at discouraging later entrants.
Global Economics for Managersemphasizes that while late movers may lack early brand recognition, they can still succeed by entering with superior products, lower costs, or more efficient processes. For managers, understanding late-mover advantages helps in timing market entry decisions and assessing competitive risks.
Therefore, option D most accurately describes a late-mover scenario.
질문 # 85
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