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| Section | Objectives |
|---|---|
| Topic 1: Information Technology | - Data management and interoperability - IT infrastructure and architecture |
| Topic 2: Health Information Systems | - System lifecycle and implementation - System selection and evaluation |
| Topic 3: Healthcare Environment | - Healthcare delivery systems and stakeholders - Healthcare policy, regulations, and standards |
| Topic 4: Privacy, Security, and Data Governance | - Data privacy and confidentiality - Cybersecurity principles in healthcare systems |
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質問 # 25
An approach that is based on well-designed studies is referred to as
正解:A
解説:
Evidence-based practice (EBP) is the approach to care and decision-making that relies on the best available scientific evidence-typically derived from well-designed research studies-combined with clinical expertise and patient preferences. In clinical informatics, EBP is foundational because many informatics tools (such as clinical decision support, order sets, care pathways, and alerts) should be designed and optimized using evidence that demonstrates improved outcomes, reduced risk, or enhanced efficiency. When clinical workflows are digitized, informatics teams translate research findings into standardized, measurable interventions within the clinical information system, ensuring that the system promotes safe and effective care.
The other options do not match the definition. The Pareto principle (80/20 rule) is a prioritization concept used in quality improvement and management, not a research-based clinical approach. Beta testing is a software testing phase conducted before full release to identify defects and usability issues. Best practice is a broader term that may describe commonly accepted methods, but it does not necessarily indicate that the approach is grounded in rigorous, well-designed studies-best practices can emerge from expert consensus, experience, or local success without strong research evidence. Because the question explicitly emphasizes
"well-designed studies," evidence-based practice is the most accurate term.
質問 # 26
Vendor finalists perform demonstrations based on selected scripted user specifications from the
正解:C
解説:
Vendor finalist demonstrations are typically conducted based on scripted scenarios derived from the Request for Proposal (RFP) . In healthcare IT procurement, the RFP outlines detailed functional, technical, operational, and compliance requirements that vendors must address in their proposals. As part of the evaluation process, organizations develop scripted workflows-often reflecting real clinical, administrative, and revenue cycle use cases-directly from RFP requirements. Finalist vendors are then required to demonstrate how their system performs these predefined tasks in a controlled and comparable manner.
The purpose of using RFP-based scripts is to ensure objective evaluation. Each vendor demonstrates identical scenarios, allowing stakeholders to compare usability, workflow alignment, reporting capability, interoperability features, and decision-support functionality. This structured method reduces bias and ensures the product supports documented organizational needs.
In contrast, a Statement of Work (SOW) defines scope and deliverables after a vendor is selected. A Request for Quotation (RFQ) focuses primarily on pricing. A Request for Information (RFI) is used earlier in the process to gather general market capabilities and does not contain detailed functional requirements suitable for scripted demos. Therefore, the correct answer is RFP.
質問 # 27
Which of the following aspects of cloud computing has benefitted population health?
正解:C
解説:
Population health focuses on improving outcomes for groups of patients by identifying trends, care gaps, and risk factors across communities. The cloud's most direct contribution to this work is increased information sharing . Cloud-based platforms make it easier to aggregate and exchange data from multiple sources- hospitals, clinics, labs, public health agencies, registries, and sometimes patient-generated data-so analysts and care teams can view a more complete picture of a population. With shared, centralized (or federated) data services, organizations can support activities such as chronic disease registries, immunization tracking, outbreak monitoring, risk stratification, and care coordination across settings.
While API interoperability (option B) is important, it is best viewed as an enabling mechanism that supports sharing; the benefit to population health comes from the resulting ability to combine data and collaborate across organizations. Improved patient data privacy (option C) is not an inherent outcome of moving to cloud-privacy depends on governance, configuration, access controls, and compliance practices. Increased data reliability (option D) can be a benefit of mature cloud architectures (redundancy, backups), but reliability alone does not drive population-level insights unless data can be shared and analyzed across sources.
Therefore, the clearest population-health benefit is increased information sharing .
質問 # 28
A committee is assessing whether the currently installed products and services are available as cloud-based product offerings. Which of the following should the committee pursue FIRST?
正解:A
解説:
When a committee is in the early exploratory phase-specifically determining whether existing products and services are available as cloud-based offerings-the appropriate first step is issuing a Request for Information (RFI) . An RFI is designed to gather high-level information about vendor capabilities, deployment models (e.
g., SaaS, PaaS), hosting environments, security certifications, scalability, pricing structures, migration options, and roadmap alignment. It helps the organization understand the current market landscape before committing to a formal procurement process.
A vendor demonstration is premature because demonstrations typically occur after narrowing the field to qualified vendors and defining functional requirements. A Request for Proposal (RFP) is more detailed and used when the organization has clearly defined requirements and is prepared to evaluate formal bids. Issuing an RFP without first understanding available cloud options may lead to incomplete or misaligned requirements. An end-user focus group may help assess workflow needs, but it does not determine whether vendors offer viable cloud-based alternatives.
Therefore, the RFI is the correct first step because it supports informed decision-making, market research, and strategic planning before advancing to demonstrations or formal procurement processes.
質問 # 29
Which standard would be used to communicate patient vital signs from a physiological monitoring system to a clinical information system?
正解:A
解説:
HL7 is the standard most commonly used to communicate clinical data -including patient vital signs-from bedside physiological monitoring systems (e.g., cardiac monitors, bedside monitors) into clinical information systems such as an EHR or a clinical data repository. In practice, HL7 messages (frequently HL7 v2 in many hospitals) support structured transmission of observations and results, allowing vital sign values (heart rate, blood pressure, SpO#, respiratory rate, temperature) to be associated with the correct patient, encounter, date
/time, and sending device/location. This enables automated documentation, trending, clinical decision support, and reduces transcription errors that occur with manual entry, improving timeliness and patient safety.
The other options are not the best fit for this purpose. SOAP is a general web-services messaging protocol that can transport data but is not the healthcare standard typically used for bedside device-to-EHR vital sign feeds in traditional hospital integrations. DICOM is primarily for medical imaging and related imaging workflows, not routine physiologic vital sign observations. SNMP is used for network device monitoring (e.g., tracking routers/switches status) rather than transmitting clinical measurements. Therefore, HL7 is the correct standard for communicating vital signs into clinical systems.
質問 # 30
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