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| Section | Weight | Objectives |
|---|---|---|
| Topic 1: Anesthesia | 15% | - Anesthetic Procedures
|
| Topic 2: Laboratory Procedures | 12% | - Diagnostic Testing
|
| Topic 3: Pharmacy and Pharmacology | 12% | - Medication Preparation
|
| Topic 4: Animal Care and Nursing | 20% | - Patient Care
|
| Topic 5: Surgical Nursing | 11% | - Perioperative Procedures
|
| Topic 6: Diagnostic Imaging | 7% | - Imaging Techniques
|
| Topic 7: Emergency Medicine and Critical Care | 8% | - Emergency Procedures
|
| Topic 8: Dentistry | 8% | - Dental Procedures
|
| Topic 9: Pain Management and Analgesia | 7% | - Pain Control
|
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NEW QUESTION # 831
Needle points are categorized as cutting, tapered, or blunt for surgical procedures. The surgeon asks you for a needle with 3 cutting edges, one of which has a convex outer curvature. What type of needle is the surgeon requesting?
Answer: A
Explanation:
The needle point (cutting or tapered) refers to the needle's sharpness, and we choose which type based on the type of tissue we are planning to suture.
You are being asked to retrieve a reverse-cutting needle. These needles are designed to avoid unwanted tissue excision compared to a regular cutting needle.
Conventional cutting needles we generally use for tough tissues such as the skin. Like reverse-cutting needles, they have three cutting edges, with the third edge on the concave surface (side edge).
Taper needles have a sharp tip that helps spread tissue and pierce it without actually cutting nearby tissue. These are most commonly used when suturing the subcutaneous tissues, fascia, intestines, or other hollow organs.
Finally, the body of blunt point needles tapers to a blunt round point. This allows dissection of friable tissue without causing damage or cutting the tissue unwantedly. These are commonly used in the kidneys and liver.
NEW QUESTION # 832
When thinking about your preanesthetic plan, you need to consider the benefits of selected agents and any contraindications to their use. What condition in your patient would prevent you from using an anticholinergic as part of your premedication protocol?
Answer: C
Explanation:
Anticholinergics are not true anesthetics, and these drugs are, instead, used to thwart the effects of parasympathetic nervous system stimulation. Anticholinergics are used to prevent or treat vagally stimulated bradycardia, such as may occur with surgical manipulation or secondary to specific medications, such as alpha2-agonists or opioids. They work by increasing the heart rate through the antagonistic action against acetylcholine. As a result, this increases blood pressure, cardiac output, and heart rate. They can be given as part of the premedication but may not be warranted in many cases.
Additional benefits and/or negative effects of anticholinergics include:
*Decreased secretions
*Bronchodilation - This can cause a significant increase in anatomical dead space, increasing the risk of hypoxemia and decreased ventilation
*Mydriasis (especially in cats)
*May create thicker mucus within the airways in horses, ruminants, and cats - caution with dosing
*Decreases GI activity through the ability to inhibit peristalsis
However, contraindications, regardless of benefit, include:
*Patients with underlying tachyarrhythmias and primary cardiac disease
*Patients with concurrent diseases that cannot tolerate tachycardia
*Geriatric patients without complete workups - a decreased function of organ systems in general with age +/- any underlying disease
*Patients with constipation or ileus - could be made much worse by the use of anticholinergics
*Can induce colic in horses or bloat in ruminants
*Not recommended for rabbits. Part of this recommendation pertains to concerns for ileus. However, many rabbits produce atropine esterase, which causes the breakdown of atropine, rendering it ineffective.
Examples of anticholinergics include atropine and glycopyrrolate.
Because these drugs decrease gastric motility and can worsen ileus and constipation, these drugs should be avoided in patients with underlying conditions or species like rabbits, horses, and ruminants that may be predisposed to severe disease if peristalsis is decreased.
Anticholinergics treat bradycardia and slow down the gut, likely improving diarrhea and drying up secretions, so patients with excessive ptyalism would benefit from their use.
NEW QUESTION # 833
Tidal volume (volume of air moving with a normal breath) can be estimated by which of the following calculations?
Answer: D
Explanation:
Tidal volume is the amount of air moving in and out with a normal breath. This is an important calculation for ventilator settings and selecting reservoir bag size on anesthesia machine circuits (3-4 tidal volumes, or 75 mL/kg). This volume does not change with marked weight loss or gain, so should be calculated on the estimated ideal lean body weight.
NEW QUESTION # 834
Which term describes care of the physical and psychological needs of terminally ill patients and families?
Answer: D
Explanation:
Hospice care is growing within the veterinary industry. It is focused on providing palliative care for patients in the end stages of life. Guidelines for hospice care have been set forth by the American Veterinary Medical Association and are promoted by the International Association for Animal Hospice and Palliative Care.
Rehabilitation treats mobility problems.
Neurophysiology is the subset of physiology that studies the nervous system.
Iontophoresis is a technique using electricity to deliver medications through the skin.
Joanna M. Bassert, VMD. McCurnin's Clinical Textbook for Veterinary Technicians, 9th Edition. Pg 1269.
Mosby's Comprehensive Review for Veterinary Technicians 5th Edition. Pg 501, 521, 588.
NEW QUESTION # 835
Always ensure you check the vaporizer level prior to each procedure, filling it when necessary. At what level should the liquid anesthetic be at a minimum at all times?
Answer: C
Explanation:
Check your vaporizer liquid level before each procedure and note where you are when starting. To ensure proper function, the level must be between the lower and upper lines of the window. Overfilling the vaporizer leads to an overdose of anesthetic, and underfilling will prohibit the ability to maintain a surgical anesthetic plane.
NEW QUESTION # 836
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