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| Section | Objectives |
|---|---|
| Topic 1: Financial Crimes | - Money Laundering
|
| Topic 2: Fraud Investigation and Analysis | - Data analysis in fraud detection
|
| Topic 3: Fraud Schemes | - Asset Misappropriation Schemes
|
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質問 # 167
Pilar had to purchase computer equipment for ABC Corporation, her employer. Pilar created a shell company, used the shell company to purchase used computer equipment, and then resold that equipment to ABC Corporation at an increased price. This is an example of a:
正解：D
解説：
Detailed Explanation:
* Rationale for Correct Answer: This is a Pass-through scheme , a type of Conflict of Interest under the corruption category. In this scheme, the employee sets up a shell company to act as a vendor. The shell purchases goods from legitimate suppliers and resells them to the employer at inflated prices. Pilar' s actions align perfectly with this definition.
* Analysis of Incorrect Options:
* A. Need recognition scheme - Involves manipulating an employer's need to justify a purchase, not reselling via a shell.
* B. Pay and return scheme - A fraudulent disbursement scheme where overpayments are made and refunds diverted. Not applicable here.
* D. Cash larceny scheme - Involves theft of incoming cash, unrelated to vendor fraud.
* Key Concept: Pass-through scheme (Conflict of Interest within Corruption).
Reference: ACFE Fraud Examiners Manual (2020) , Corruption: Conflict of Interest Schemes .
質問 # 168
Which of the following are the classifications for Corruption?
正解：D
解説：
Detailed Explanation:
* Rationale for Correct Answer: According to the ACFE Fraud Tree , corruption is divided into four classifications: bribery, illegal gratuities, economic extortion, and conflicts of interest . These cover the major ways employees misuse influence for personal gain.
* Analysis of Incorrect Options:
* B. Corruption... - Redundant; corruption is the main category, not a sub-classification.
* C. Overbilling and bid-rigging - These are disbursement schemes, not corruption categories.
* D. Corruption repeated - Incorrect for the same reason as option B.
* Key Concept: Corruption classifications under the Fraud Tree.
Reference: ACFE Fraud Examiners Manual (2020 International Edition) , Corruption - Fraud Tree Categories .
質問 # 169
Which of the following is a red flag that might indicate the existence of a need recognition scheme?
正解：B
解説：
Detailed Explanation:
* Rationale for Correct Answer: In a need recognition scheme , an employee creates or exaggerates a need for goods or services to benefit a favored supplier. One red flag is that materials are ordered prematurely or not at the optimal reorder point , suggesting that purchases are being manipulated to benefit a corrupt vendor rather than based on actual business needs.
* Analysis of Incorrect Options:
* A - A large list of suppliers suggests competition, not fraud.
* C - A need met by various suppliers does not indicate fraud.
* D - Low requirements for stock may reflect lean inventory management, not fraud.
* Key Concept: Corruption - need recognition schemes and red flags.
Reference: ACFE Manual, Corruption - Need Recognition Schemes .
質問 # 170
Which of the following would NOT be helpful in preventing expense reimbursement schemes?
正解：D
解説：
The ACFE Fraud Examiners Manual addresses Expense Reimbursement Schemes under Asset Misappropriation: Fraudulent Disbursements and separates the discussion into:
* Detection of Expense Reimbursement Schemes
* Prevention of Expense Reimbursement Schemes
The Manual specifically identifies "Detailed Expense Reports: Submission and Review" as the prevention approach for expense reimbursement fraud.
Why A is correct
Requiring all employees to submit receipts electronically is not, by itself, a preventive control recognized by the Manual. The ACFE's prevention focus is on requiring detailed expense reports , adequate supporting documentation, and careful review-not merely changing the format of submission from paper to electronic.
In fact, because expense reimbursement fraud often involves altered receipts , fictitious receipts , and other manipulated support, simply requiring electronic submission does not meaningfully prevent the scheme. The Manual lists schemes such as altered receipts and producing fictitious receipts , showing that the problem is the authenticity and review of documentation, not whether the receipt is submitted electronically.
Why the other options are helpful
B). Comparing current expenses to budgeted expense amounts
This is helpful because the Manual includes review and analysis of expense accounts as part of detecting these schemes. Comparing reported expenses to expected or budgeted levels can reveal unusual spikes or anomalies that may indicate fraud.
C). Requiring employees to explain the specific business purpose of each expense This is clearly helpful and consistent with the Manual's prevention emphasis on detailed expense reports and proper documentation. Requiring a specific business purpose makes it harder to submit personal, inflated, or fictitious expenses.
D). Comparing current expenses to historical expenditure amounts
This is also helpful because the Manual's review and analysis of expense accounts supports analytical comparisons to identify irregularities, trends, or unexplained increases in reimbursements. Historical comparison is a classic way to spot padded or abnormal expense claims.
Conclusion
Under the ACFE Manual, prevention of expense reimbursement schemes depends on detailed reporting, documentation, and review . Merely requiring receipts to be submitted electronically does not address whether the receipts are false, altered, duplicated, or unsupported. Therefore, the choice that would NOT be helpful in preventing expense reimbursement schemes is:
A). Requiring all employees to submit receipts electronically
References
* ACFE Fraud Examiners Manual, 2020 International Edition
* Expense Reimbursement Schemes
* Detection of Expense Reimbursement Schemes / Review and Analysis of Expense Accounts
* Prevention of Expense Reimbursement Schemes / Detailed Expense Reports: Submission and Review
* Altered Receipts / Producing Fictitious Receipts
質問 # 171
Guillermo has received a grant to study the effectiveness of school lunch programs on students' mental health.
Guillermo's results are inconclusive, causing him to be concerned that he will lose funding for his project. As a result, Guillermo creates some data points that support his research and show that he is making progress.
Guillermo's actions can BEST be described as:
正解：A
解説：
Guillermo's conduct is best described as research misconduct because he fabricated data points to make his research appear more successful and to preserve grant funding. Research misconduct commonly includes fabrication, falsification, or plagiarism in proposing, performing, reviewing, or reporting research. The key fact is that Guillermo created data that did not exist and presented it as research support. Fraudulent concealment generally involves hiding material facts, not creating false research data. Fictitious claims fraud involves submitting false claims for payment, usually to a government or program, but the question focuses on the falsification of research results. Inducement fraud is broader and less precise. Because the false data directly affects the integrity of a funded study, research misconduct is the best answer.
質問 # 172
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