L4M5試験勉強攻略、L4M5難易度受験料

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Fast2test10年以上のビジネスエクスペリエンスを備えたCIPSのL4M5テストトレントは、顧客の購入エクスペリエンスを非常に重視しました。 電子製品の購入速度を心配する必要はありません。 弊社では、L4M5試験準備の信頼性を長期間にわたって評価および評価し、保証された購入スキームを提案するために尽力しています。 必要な場合は、L4M5テストトレントを使用するためのリモートオンラインガイダンスも利用できます。 通常、購入後数分でCommercial Negotiation練習問題を効率よく取得できます。

CIPS L4M5 Exam Syllabus Topics:

SectionObjectives
Topic 1: Understand how to prepare for negotiations in procurement and supply- Analyze the factors that impact on the approach to commercial negotiations
  • 1. The position of buyers and sellers
  • 2. Policies, procedures and protocols
  • 3. Ownership and stakeholder perspectives
  • 4. The impact of time limits and deadlines
- Understand how to prepare for a negotiation
  • 1. Zones of potential agreement (ZOPA)
  • 2. Defining objectives and variables
  • 3. The use of bargaining mixes and trade-offs
  • 4. The best alternatives to a negotiated agreement (BATNA)
Topic 2: Understand the interpersonal skills required for effective negotiation- Analyze the interpersonal skills required for effective negotiation
  • 1. Assertiveness
  • 2. Questioning and listening skills
  • 3. Influencing and persuasion skills
  • 4. Body language and non-verbal communication
- Understand the behavioral aspects of negotiation
  • 1. Perception and bias
  • 2. Concessions and trade-offs
  • 3. Conflict handling styles
  • 4. Ethical and unethical practices
Topic 3: Understand the stages of commercial negotiations in procurement and supply- Understand the stages of a commercial negotiation
  • 1. Defining the ground rules
  • 2. Clarification and justification
  • 3. Bargaining and problem solving
  • 4. Preparation and planning
  • 5. Closure and agreement implementation
- Analyze the types of approaches that can be pursued in commercial negotiations
  • 1. Distributive (win-lose) approaches
  • 2. Integrative (win-win) approaches
  • 3. Pragmatic and principled approaches
  • 4. The influence of power and trust in negotiations

>> L4M5試験勉強攻略 <<

更新するL4M5｜ハイパスレートのL4M5試験勉強攻略試験｜試験の準備方法Commercial Negotiation難易度受験料

大量の時間と金銭をかかるのに比べて、正しい仕方は肝心なことです。もしあなたはCIPS L4M5試験に準備しているなら、あんたのための整理される備考資料はあなたにとって最善のオプションです。我々の目標はあなたに試験にうまく合格させることです。弊社の誠意を信じてもらいたいし、CIPS L4M5試験2成功するのを祈って願います。

CIPS Commercial Negotiation 認定 L4M5 試験問題 (Q356-Q361):

質問 # 356
John Browne, a junior buyer for a corporation, is analysing the global supply market before undertaking negotiations and is wondering whether foreign exchange rates are important to factor into his research. Should John consider the foreign exchange rates?

正解：C

解説：
Foreign exchange ratesdirectly influence thecost of imported goods and services. Currency fluctuations can affect total expenditure, supplier margins, and ultimately the buyer's profitability. Even if payment is in local currency, suppliers may adjust their pricing to mitigate foreign exchange risks.
"Foreign exchange volatility can significantly impact pricing in international procurement. Buyers must assess currency risks as part of their cost evaluation and strategic preparation." (L4M5 Commercial Negotiation, 2nd edition, Section 2.2 - Macroeconomic Considerations in Pricing)


質問 # 357
Which of the following are types of questions that are useful in opening and testing phases of a negotiation?
Select the TWO that apply.

正解：A、E

解説：
:
In the opening phase, parties should confirm understanding and get the issues on the table.
The testing phase is an information gathering stage where the hypothesis and assumption you have made in the planning stage can be tested or confirmed or disproved.
Opening questions (those that start with 'what', 'how', 'why') are used at the opening and testing stages to uncover needs and underlying motives, and to allow the buyer to get a feel of what is in store in the negotiation.
Probing questions are also useful to check that the supplier fully understand their offering, as well as your needs, and can also be used to communicate to the supplier that you know this category well. These questions are typically useful at the opening and testing stages.


質問 # 358
Representatives from South African Department of Health is negotiating the price of hospital drugs with US pharmaceutical companies. Which of the following are most likely to be macro factors that influence the outcomes of the negotiation? Select TWO that apply.

正解：A、D

解説：
All one-to-one commercial negotiations between a specific purchaser and a specific supplier take place within an industrial market and a larger business environment characterised by multiple forces which both parties typically have little control over. STEEPLE framework highlights the 6 main external influences on a business:
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Particularly, pharmaceutical industry is a heavily regulated sector, therefore, legal and regulatory matters in the industry is highly important. Otherwise, technological trends also permeate into pharmaceutical companies, technologies like digitalisation may transform the balance of power in such negotiation.
LO 1, AC 1.3


質問 # 359
A buyer is approaching a negotiation where the company is in a low-power negotiating position in relation to the supplier. How can the buyer improve leverage and power with the supplier?
* Consolidate the expenditure from across the organisation to increase the size and value of the requirement
* Understand the supplier's costs and margins prior to the negotiation to demonstrate that you know what it costs to produce the product
* Take a distributive approach to the negotiation and refuse to make concessions
* Limit communication and information sharing with the supplier so as not to give anything away

正解：C

解説：
When buyer power is low, leverage must be created rather than assumed. Consolidating organisational spend increases volume and commercial importance to the supplier, directly strengthening buyer power.
Understanding supplier costs and margins reduces information asymmetry and demonstrates commercial competence, which improves credibility and influence during negotiations. Refusing concessions and limiting communication are typical of adversarial tactics and often weaken relationships when power is already limited. CIPS clearly advises buyers to use aggregation of demand and market intelligence as ethical and effective methods to rebalance power without damaging long-term supplier relationships.
Reference: CIPS L4M5 Commercial Negotiation (CORE), 2nd edition - LO 3.1: Sources of power and methods to improve buyer leverage.


質問 # 360
Which of the following are typical characteristics of activity-based costing (ABC) method? Select TWO that apply.

正解：C、D

解説：
Activity-based costing is an alternative approach to traditional absorption costing. The characteristics of these two methods are illustrated in the graph below:
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質問 # 361
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ちなみに、Fast2test L4M5の一部をクラウドストレージからダウンロードできます：https://drive.google.com/open?id=1mk6oYLOvr3mMtUz3emVwLqt3elKE9tCJ