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Linux Foundation KCNA Exam Syllabus Topics:
| Section | Weight | Objectives |
|---|
| Topic 1: Cloud Native Observability | 8% | - Tracing
- 1. Distributed Tracing Concepts (OpenTelemetry, Jaeger)
- Monitoring and Metrics
- 1. Dashboards and Visualization (Grafana)
- 2. Prometheus and Metrics Collection
- Logging
- 1. Centralized Logging (Fluentd, Elasticsearch, Kibana)
- 2. Kubernetes Logging Architecture
|
| Topic 2: Kubernetes Fundamentals | 46% | - Kubernetes Architecture
- 1. Control Plane Components (API Server, etcd, Scheduler, Controller Manager)
- 2. Worker Node Components (Kubelet, Kube-proxy, Container Runtime)
- Kubernetes API
- 1. API Resource Structure and Versioning
- 2. Declarative Management (Manifests/YAML)
- Kubernetes Resources
- 1. Networking Resources (Services, Ingress)
- 2. Configuration Resources (ConfigMaps, Secrets)
- 3. Workload Resources (Pods, Deployments, StatefulSets, DaemonSets, ReplicaSets, Jobs, CronJobs)
- Scheduling
- 1. Node Selection and Affinity
- 2. Resource Requests and Limits
- 3. Taints and Tolerations
- Containers
- 1. Container Runtime Interface (CRI)
- 2. Basic kubectl Commands
- 3. Container Images and Registries
|
| Topic 3: Cloud Native Architecture | 16% | - Architecture Concepts
- 1. Serverless and FaaS
- 2. Autoscaling (HPA, VPA, Cluster Autoscaler)
- 3. Elasticity and Resilience
- 4. Microservices Architecture
- Infrastructure and Practices
- 1. Immutable Infrastructure
- 2. Infrastructure as Code (IaC)
- 3. DevOps Practices and Culture
- Cloud Native Landscape
- 1. CNCF Role and Governance
- 2. CNCF Project Categories (Sandbox, Incubating, Graduated)
|
| Topic 4: Container Orchestration | 22% | - Service Mesh
- 1. Sidecar Pattern and Traffic Management
- 2. Service Mesh Concepts (Istio, Linkerd)
- Container Runtimes
- 1. Docker, containerd, CRI-O
- Orchestration Fundamentals
- 1. Self-healing and Rolling Updates
- 2. Scheduling and Resource Management
- 3. Service Discovery and Load Balancing
- Storage
- 1. Volumes, PersistentVolumes (PV), PersistentVolumeClaims (PVC)
- 2. Storage Classes and Dynamic Provisioning
- Security
- 1. Network Policies
- 2. RBAC (Role-Based Access Control)
- 3. Pod Security Standards (Admission Control)
- Networking
- 1. CoreDNS and Service Networking
- 2. Kubernetes Networking Model
|
| Topic 5: Cloud Native Application Delivery | 8% | - GitOps
- 1. Tools (Argo CD, Flux)
- 2. GitOps Principles and Workflow
- CI/CD
- 1. Continuous Integration and Continuous Delivery Pipelines
- 2. Artifact Management and Image Registries
- Deployment Strategies
- 1. Blue/Green, Canary, Rolling Updates
|
>> KCNA日本語認定 <<
KCNA専門トレーリング & KCNAサンプル問題集
Linux Foundation製品を購入する前に、無料でダウンロードして試用できるため、KCNAテスト準備を十分に理解できます。このように、クライアントは、ウェブサイト上で私たちのKubernetes and Cloud Native Associate試験問題のページを訪問することができます。 したがって、クライアントはKCNA試験問題をよく理解し、KCNA試験問題の品質を確認したので、KCNAトレーニングガイドを購入するかどうかを決定できます。 JPNTestお客様に最高のKCNA学習ガイドを提供し、お客様に満足していただけるようにします。
Linux Foundation Kubernetes and Cloud Native Associate 認定 KCNA 試験問題 (Q36-Q41):
質問 # 36
Which of the following is used to request storage in Kubernetes?
- A. Container Storage Interface 'CSI'
- B. PersistentVolumeClaim 'PVC'
- C. PersistentVolume 'PV'
- D. StorageClasses
正解:B
解説:
https://kubernetes.io/docs/concepts/storage/persistent-volumes/
質問 # 37
In which framework do the developers no longer have to deal with capacity, deployments, scaling and fault tolerance, and OS?
- A. Kubernetes
- B. Docker Swam
- C. Mesos
- D. Serverless
正解:D
質問 # 38
What is a sidecar container?
- A. A container that runs next to another Pod within the same namespace.
- B. A container that runs next to another container within the same Pod.
- C. A Pod that runs next to another Pod within the same namespace.
- D. A Pod that runs next to another container within the same Pod.
正解:B
解説:
A sidecar container is an additional container that runs alongside the main application container within the same Pod, sharing network and storage context. That matches option C, so C is correct. The sidecar pattern is used to add supporting capabilities to an application without modifying the application code. Because both containers are in the same Pod, the sidecar can communicate with the main container over localhost and share volumes for files, sockets, or logs.
Common sidecar examples include: log forwarders that tail application logs and ship them to a logging system, proxies (service mesh sidecars like Envoy) that handle mTLS and routing policy, config reloaders that watch ConfigMaps and signal the main process, and local caching agents. Sidecars are especially powerful in cloud-native systems because they standardize cross-cutting concerns-security, observability, traffic policy- across many workloads.
Options A and D incorrectly describe "a Pod running next to ..." which is not how sidecars work; sidecars are containers, not separate Pods. Running separate Pods "next to" each other in a namespace does not give the same shared network namespace and tightly coupled lifecycle. Option B is also incorrect for the same reason:
a sidecar is not a separate Pod; it is a container in the same Pod.
Operationally, sidecars share the Pod lifecycle: they are scheduled together, scaled together, and generally terminated together. This is both a benefit (co-location guarantees) and a responsibility (resource requests
/limits should include the sidecar's needs, and failure modes should be understood). Kubernetes is increasingly formalizing sidecar behavior (e.g., sidecar containers with ordered startup semantics), but the core definition remains: a helper container in the same Pod.
=========
質問 # 39
You are running a stateless application on Kubernetes and want to avoid persistent storage. Which of the following options is suitable?
- A. Utilize a ConfigMap to store application configuration data.
- B. Use a PersistentVolumeClaim with a storage class that provides persistent storage.
- C. Create a Local Persistent Volume for each pod.
- D. Use an emptyDir volume to create a temporary directory within the pod.
- E. Mount a HostPath volume to access the host machine's filesystem.
正解:D
解説:
For stateless applications, an emptyDir volume is the most suitable choice as it provides a temporary directory within the pod, which is discarded when the pod is terminated. PersistentVolumeClaim, HostPath volumes, and Local Persistent Volumes are designed for persistent storage, unsuitable for stateless applications. ConfigMaps store application configuration data, not application data itself.
質問 # 40
Which Kubernetes-native deployment strategy supports zero-downtime updates of a workload?
- A. Recreate
- B. BlueGreen
- C. Canary
- D. RollingUpdate
正解:D
解説:
D (RollingUpdate) is correct. In Kubernetes, the Deployment resource's default update strategy is RollingUpdate, which replaces Pods gradually rather than all at once. This supports zero-downtime updates when the workload is properly configured (sufficient replicas, correct readiness probes, and appropriate maxUnavailable / maxSurge settings). As new Pods come up and become Ready, old Pods are terminated in a controlled way, keeping the service available throughout the rollout.
RollingUpdate's "zero downtime" is achieved by maintaining capacity while transitioning between versions. For example, with multiple replicas, Kubernetes can create new Pods, wait for readiness, then scale down old Pods, ensuring traffic continues to flow to healthy instances. Readiness probes are critical: they prevent traffic from being routed to a Pod until it's actually ready to serve.
Why other options are not the Kubernetes-native "strategy" answer here:
Recreate (B) explicitly stops old Pods before starting new ones, causing downtime for most services.
Canary (A) and BlueGreen (C) are real deployment patterns, but in "Kubernetes-native deployment strategy" terms, the built-in Deployment strategies are RollingUpdate and Recreate. Canary/BlueGreen typically require additional tooling/controllers (service mesh, ingress controller features, or progressive delivery operators) to manage traffic shifting between versions.
So, for a Kubernetes-native strategy that supports zero-downtime updates, the correct and verified choice is RollingUpdate (D).
質問 # 41
......
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